INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is the single largest preventable cause of death and disability in the industrialized world and it causes at least 85% of lung cancers, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In addition smokers are at a higher risk from psychiatric co-morbid illness such as depression and completed suicide. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in which we targeted all patie...

Hemiscorpius lepturus (H. lepturus) is one of the most dangerous scorpions in Iran. Intramuscular administration (IM) of available Razi antivenom to H. lepturus venom is used by many of Iranian clinicians. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the efficiency of IM route for treatment of envenomed patients by H. lepturus. We compared the pharmacokinetics parameters of venom and ant...

BACKGROUND Family-centered care (FCC) involves holistic care and requires cooperation with the family in planning, intervention, and the evolution of the care that is being provided. Many previous studies have provided results that indicate the importance of the family's involvement in pediatric care, but there is still resistance in doing so within the organizational culture of the hospitals i...

In the present study, the potency and immunogenicity of the inactivated bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) produced by Razi institute in Iran were compared with a similar imported vaccine administered by standard methods to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken. A total of 150 twenty-one-day-old SPF chickens were used for evaluating Razi and imported inactivated ...

results bahaodowle razi, a persian physician from the 15th century anno domini (ad), reported two epidemics in harat and one in rey (inold persia) for the first time, one century before baillou. he named it as sorfe-ie-am (meaning public cough). those occurred during his lifetime. explaining about his observations and experiences about this epidemic, bahaodowle razi elaborated on prognosis, sym...