in order to improve the reliability of the power system, sufficient amount of new capacity should be installed in the network. usually generation units’ payoff in an energy market is not adequate to cover their expenses. therefore, energy only market cannot induce investors to invest in generation field. due to energy only market inefficiency, a supplementary algorithm is suggested to cover the...

 Background: A fair and just trial, as one of the most fundamental moral demands in the legal system, can have positive consequences in the legal system. The effectiveness of the registration system in society is increasing and it is necessary to conduct appropriate surveys to meet their expectations, especially in terms of paying attention to the substantive rules of fair trial. The rules and ...

The performance of various GFR (Guaranteed Frame Rate) implementations has been recently studied due to the interest to provide bandwidth guarantees with a simpler implementation than ABR in ATM networks. In this paper we describe and evaluate a scheduling algorithm to provide the GFR service guarantees. The evaluation is performed by simulation using TCP connections. The proposed scheduling is...

The US Security and Exchange Commission implemented Regulation Fair Disclosure in 2000, requiring that an issuer must make relevant information disclosed to any investor available to the general public in a fair manner. Focusing on firms that are affected by the regulation, we propose a model that characterizes the behavior of two types of investors—one professional investor and many small inve...

background : despite an increased need, residents of rural communities have decreased access to healthcare and often present unique healthcare challenges associated with their rurality. ensuring medical students receive adequate exposure to these issues is complicated by the urban location of most medical schools. health fairs (fairs) conducted in rural communities can provide students exposure...

Do people from different countries and different backgrounds have similar preferences for how much more the rich should earn than the poor? Using survey data from 40 countries (N = 55,238), we compare respondents' estimates of the wages of people in different occupations-chief executive officers, cabinet ministers, and unskilled workers-to their ideals for what those wages should be. We show th...

We study the complexity of fair division of indivisible goods and consider settings where agents can have nonzero utility for the empty bundle. This is a deviation from a common normalization assumption in the literature, and we show that this inconspicuous change can lead to an increase in complexity: In particular, while an allocation maximizing social welfare by the Nash product is known to ...