Previous studies used a text-fading procedure as a training tool with the goal to increase silent reading fluency (i.e., proficient reading rate and comprehension). In recently published studies, this procedure resulted in lasting reading enhancements for adult and adolescent research samples. However, studies working with children reported mixed results. While reading rate improvements were ob...

This paper presents a polar coding scheme to achieve secrecy in block fading binary symmetric wiretap channels without the knowledge of instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. For this model, a coding scheme that hierarchically utilizes polar codes is presented. In particular, on polarization of different binary symmetric channels over different fading blocks, each cha...

Level crossing rate, outage probability and average time of fade duration of the SSC combiner output signal are determined in this paper. Log-normal fading at the input is present. The results are shown graphically for different variance values, decision threshold values and fading parameters values. Key-Words: Diversity reception, Fade Duration, Level Crossing Rate, Log-normal fading, Outage P...

Shadow fading is a well known problem in wireless sensor networks (WSN) and ad hoc networks since the communicating devices often are at street-level where the surrounding buildings often obstruct incoming radio waves. Therefore, accurately modeling shadow fading is an important requirement for the optimal design of such networks. Because the height of building is the most important parameter t...

In free-space optical communication links, atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in both the intensity and the phase of the received light signal, impairing link performance. Free Space Optical (FSO) communications is the only viable solution for creating a three-dimensional global communications grid of interconnected ground and airborne nodes. The huge amount of data exchange between sat...

Channel estimation plays an important role in wireless communication due to its random nature of the channel. Randomness creates the constructive or destructive fading. The combination of Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with multiple antennas at both the base station and mobile terminal converts frequency selectivity of the channel fading into flat fading parallel sub-channels...

A technique is proposed for the derivation of upper bounds on channel capacity. It is based on a dual expression for channel capacity where the maximization (of mutual information) over distributions on the channel input alphabet is replaced with a minimization (of average relative entropy) over distributions on the channel output alphabet. We also propose a technique for the analysis of the as...

Rapid fading of auroral activity a few minutes before substorm breakup has earlier been analyzed in case-studies. Here we report on a study in which all-sky camera (ASC) and magnetic data over 3 years were examined to ®nd breakups that were accompanied by a preceding fading. To illustrate typical features of the fading e€ect we analyze three events in detail and discuss seven other events to ®n...

1. Introduction This paper presents a new methodology for realizing a Rice channel in BAN Over-The-Air (OTA) testing using a fading emulator with a dynamic phantom. For the proposed apparatus to be effectual, the fading emulator must be provided with an appropriate K-factor that represents the actual propagation environment indoors. Further, an implementation of the Rice channel to the proposed...

Spectral efficiency presents the ultimate limit on the data rate per unit bandwidth of a certain communication system. For the DS-CDMA systems spectral efficiency has been derived for optimal and linear multiuser receivers in case of synchronous reception, fading and non-fading environment as well as single and multi-cell cellular networks. The most pervasive model employed in all these analyse...