The main aim of this paper is to select the best portfolio of renewable energy technologies (RETs) for electrifying an elected area which is not connected to any other grids. Minimizing total costs of the system is considered as the main factor in finding the best decision. In order to make the optimum plan more applicable, the technique of life cycle analysis is applied. This technique takes i...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the health-related economic costs attributable to smoking in China for persons aged 35 and older in 2003 and in 2008 and to compare these costs with the respective results from 2000. METHODS A prevalence-based, disease-specific approach was used to estimate smoking-attributable direct and indirect economic costs. The primary data source was the 2003 and 2008 China Nation...

OBJECTIVE To examine the direct and indirect costs of hemophilia care among persons with hemophilia A in the US. METHODS Observational data were obtained from HUGS-Va, a multi-center study from six federally supported hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). Eligible individuals completed a standardized initial questionnaire and were followed regularly for 2 years to obtain information on work or...

This note studies the impact on the adjustment process of Uruguayan manufacturing firms’ capital, and unskilled and skilled labor demands associated with increasing import penetration from China and India. The adjustment process is defined as the percentage of the gap between desired (optimal) and actual factor employment levels closed by the firm. Desired factor levels are obtained from a coun...

Most empirical and theoretical econometric studies of dynamic discrete choice models assume the discount factor to be known. We show the knowledge of the discount factor is not necessary to identify parts, or even all, of the payoff function. We show the discount factor can be generically identified jointly with the payoff parameters. On the other hand it is known the payoff function cannot be ...

High transport costs arc a factor to consider in the use of forest residues for fuel. Costs can be reduced by increasing haul capacities, reducing high moisture contents, and improving trucking efficiency. The literature for transpirational drying and the economics of hauling woody biomass is summa&& here. Some additional, unpublished roundwood and chipdrying test results are also included.

In this paper we describe data structures for orthogonal range reporting in external memory that support fast update operations. The query costs either match the query costs of the best previously known data structures or differ by a small multiplicative factor.

The main objective of this study is to estimate a part of road traffic injury costs including costs due to fatality and disability, which are related to lost social products. Lost output consists of costs, which are related to losses of national product or lost-income in death, hospitalization or physical disabilities. In recent years, the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) has been used as...