This paper examines the problem of facial expression analysis in an evaluation-adaptation framework. In this paper, we are proposing a new approach, where the basic method is combined with a (postprocessing) evaluation subsystem, which evaluates the obtained features and defines facial features that are to be refined. Anatomical constraints related to both 2-D and 3-D facial models are used for...

In this work, a novel method is proposed to recognize several facial expressions from time-sequential facial expression images. To produce robust facial expression features, optical flow extraction is utilized which are further improved by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA). Using these features, discrete Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are utilized to mo...

Although facial expressions of emotion are universal, individual differences create a facial expression "signature" for each person; but, is there a unique family facial expression signature? Only a few family studies on the heredity of facial expressions have been performed, none of which compared the gestalt of movements in various emotional states; they compared only a few movements in one o...

Recently, performance-driven facial animation has been popular in various entertainment area, such as game, animation movie, and advertisement. With the easy use of motion capture data from a performer’s face, the resulting animated faces are far more natural and lifelike. However, when the characteristic features between live performer and animated character are quite different, expression map...

It is an established fact that words have just 7% contribution in human communication and 93% part is contributed by nonverbal communication exhibited by body language. Facial expressions constitute a vital part when we talk about human body language. The representation and recognition of facial expressions by computers has been an area of vital interest since long. The recent time has witnesse...

The Facial Action Coding System, (FACS), devised by Ekman and Friesen (1978), provides an objective meanS for measuring the facial muscle contractions involved in a facial expression. In this paper, we approach automated facial expression analysis by detecting and classifying facial actions. We generated a database of over 1100 image sequences of 24 subjects performing over 150 distinct facial ...

The Facial Action Coding System, (FACS), devised by Ekman and Friesen (1978), provides an objective means for measuring the facial muscle contractions involved in a facial expression. In this paper, we approach automated facial expression analysis by detecting and classifying facial actions. We generated a database of over 1100 image sequences of 24 subjects performing over 150 distinct facial ...

Spontaneous facial micro-expression analysis has become an active task for recognizing suppressed and involuntary facial expressions shown on the face of humans. Recently, Local Binary Pattern from Three Orthogonal Planes (LBP-TOP) has been employed for micro-expression analysis. However, LBP-TOP suffers from two critical problems, causing a decrease in the performance of micro-expression analy...

Facial expressions, resulting from movements of the facial muscles, are the face changes in response to a person’s internal emotional states, intentions, or social communications. There is a considerable history associated with the study on facial expressions. Darwin (1872) was the first to describe in details the specific facial expressions associated with emotions in animals and humans, who a...