Aim: To identify retinal exudates automatically from colour retinal images. Methods: The colour retinal images were segmented using fuzzy C-means clustering following some key preprocessing steps. To classify the segmented regions into exudates and non-exudates, an artificial neural network classifier was investigated. Results: The proposed system can achieve a diagnostic accuracy with 95.0% se...

Domestication has induced major genetic changes in crop plants to satisfy human needs and as a consequence of adaptation to agroecosystems. This adaptation might have affected root exudate composition, which can influence the interactions in the rhizosphere. Here, using two different soil types (sand, soil), we provide an original example of the impact of domestication and crop evolution on roo...

Diabetic retinopathy is a severe complication retinal disease caused by advanced diabetes mellitus. Long suffering of this disease without threatment may cause blindness. Therefore, early detection of diabetic retinopathy is very important to prevent to become proliferative. One indication that a patient has diabetic retinopathy is the existence of hard exudates besides other indications such a...

Plant parasitic nematodes have developed the capacity to sense and respond to chemical signals of host origin and the ability to orientate towards plant roots enhances the nematode's chance of survival. Root exudates contain a range of compounds which mediate belowground interactions with pathogenic and beneficial soil organisms. Chemical components of root exudates may deter one organism while...

Infectious catarrh of chickens (fowl coryza of slow onset) was not transmissible to mice or rats by nasal instillation of the specific coccobacilliform bodies. Exudates were also inactive in both rodents on foot pad injection. The infectious catarrhs of the mouse and the rat were reciprocally transmissible by the nasal injection of exudates or tissue cultures of the respective coccobacilliform ...

AIM To identify retinal exudates automatically from colour retinal images. METHODS The colour retinal images were segmented using fuzzy C-means clustering following some key preprocessing steps. To classify the segmented regions into exudates and non-exudates, an artificial neural network classifier was investigated. RESULTS The proposed system can achieve a diagnostic accuracy with 95.0% s...

Recent reports (1, 2, 3) that serum from febrile patients and exudates from tuberculous pleurae exert an apparently non-specific agglutinating effect upon certain gram-positive cocci have prompted the publication of similar results concerning the properties of exudates obtained from patients suffering from various acute manifestations of rheumatic fever. During the course of a search for agglut...

Diabetic retinopathy is a disease commonly found in case of diabetes mellitus patients. It causes severe damage to retina and may lead to complete or partial visual loss. In case of diabetic retinopathy retinal blood vessel gets damaged and protein and fat based particles gets leaked out of the damaged blood vessels and are deposited in the intra-retinal space. They are normally seen as whitish...

Previous studies have shown that Listeria monocytogenes-immune T cells, adoptively transferred into normal mice with killed Listeria organisms, induced peritoneal exudates rich in Ia-positive macrophages. We show now that culture fluids generated by Listeria-immune exudate cells and Listeria contain an activity that elicits Ia-rich exudates when injected intraperitoneally. The factor that recru...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The long co-existence of broomrapes and their hosts within the same environment has culminated in a strong adaptation and effective parasitism. As a first step of specialization in the parasitic process, seed receptors of parasitic plant species vary in their ability to recognize compounds released by their hosts. This work aims to investigate potential patterns for the rece...