The orbit is a rare site for metastatic carcinoma (Duke-Elder, I952) and, although such orbital deposits may commonly involve muscle secondarily, discrete metastatic tumours in the extraocular muscles are extremely rare, as in muscle generally (Willis, I952, I953). A search of the literature has revealed four previous cases: two from carcinoma of the breast (Wintersteiner, I899; Bedford and Dan...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com the skeletal muscles. Although weakness may affect any muscle, MG has a distinct predilection for involvement of the extraocular muscles (EOM). MG patients are therefore categorized into two groups, the ocular MG (OMG) and the generalized group. The diagnosis of OMG is challenging and not always clinically evident since symptoms and signs can mimic ...

Passive extraocular muscles (EOMs), like most biological tissues, are hyperelastic, that is, their stiffness increases as they are stretched. It has always been assumed, and in a few occasions argued, that this is their only nonlinearity and that it can be ignored in central gaze. However, using novel measurement techniques in anesthetized paralyzed monkeys, we have recently demonstrated that E...

Myotendinous nerve endings in extraocular muscles of some mammals consist exclusively of palisade nerve endings incorporated in myotendinous cylinders. There is evidence for a similar form in man, some doubt remains. The objectives of the present study were to examine the structure and distribution of nerve endings in extraocular muscles of infant and adult human material. Muscles from five inf...

Cases of congenital ptosis are rare, that too occurring in twins. We presenting a case mono zygotic twins with bilateral fibrosis extraocular muscles (CFEOM). A 5-year-old boy child and his twin brother who monozygotic presented ptosis. Both children had been diagnosed as having Parents have refused surgical intervention for the muscle weakness. They were advised, if complained any visual abnor...

Anuchit Poonyathalang1 Sangeeta Khanna2 R John Leigh2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Abstract: Recent discoveries about the orbital tissues prompt a re-evaluation of the way that clinicians think about disorders affecting the extraocular muscles, the...

Eye movements in vertebrates are controlled by six extraocular muscles innervated by three of the cranial nerves – the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens. Incorrect development of this wiring network can lead to eye movement disorders, such as the congenital condition Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), which results in squint (strabismus). In DRS patients, the abducens nerve is often absent, and ...

Recent discoveries about the orbital tissues prompt a re-evaluation of the way that clinicians think about disorders affecting the extraocular muscles, their nerves and motoneurons in the brainstem. The revolutionary discovery that the orbital layers of the extraocular muscles insert not onto the eyeball, but into fibromuscular pulleys that guide the orbital layers, provides explanations for th...

Eye movements in vertebrates are controlled by six extraocular muscles innervated by three of the cranial nerves – the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens. Incorrect development of this wiring network can lead to eye movement disorders, such as the congenital condition Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), which results in squint (strabismus). In DRS patients, the abducens nerve is often absent, and ...

The presence of nerve terminals in the tendinous insertions of human eye muscles was investigated histologically in adult human eye muscles obtained from donor eyes and in muscle pieces resected from juvenile patients undergoing surgical correction for strabismus. Lateral and medial recti, superior and inferior oblique muscles from adults, were stained "en bloc" using a silver impregnation meth...