In this work, a general theoretical framework for extractive summarization is proposed—the Attentional Extractive Summarization framework. Although abstractive approaches are generally used in text today, methods can be especially suitable some applications, and they help with other tasks such as Text Classification, Question Answering, Information Extraction. The proposed approach based on the...

We present a new framework for evaluating extractive summarizers, which is based on a principled representation as optimization problem. We prove that every extractive summarizer can be decomposed into an objective function and an optimization technique. We perform a comparative analysis and evaluation of several objective functions embedded in wellknown summarizers regarding their correlation ...

The macroscopical characters of the roots, physical constant values, extractive values, colour, consistency and extractive values with different solvents, behaviour on treatment with different chemical reagents, fluorescence characters of liquid extracts and root powder after treatment with different chemical reagents under ultraviolet light of the powdered roots of Tragia involucrata Linn. (Fa...

A description of the important physical metallurgy aspects of Ni3Al and NiAl encompassing structure, crystallographic defects, slip systems and phase stability has been presented in this article. The microstructures generated in the two alloys by conventional as well as novel processing techniques have been discussed. The effect of alloying additions on the microstructure has been enumerated. B...

A brief review of the high spatial resolution Auger electron spectroscopy (HRAES) and its usage in metallurgy is presented. A combination of HRAES and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy makes a powerful combination to resolve a large number of problems encountered in metallurgy. Several selected examples of such problems studied in the authors’ laboratory are presented: influence of surface activ...

The complexity of first-principles total energy calculations limits the pool of structure types considered for a ground-state search for a binary alloy system to a rather small, O(10), group of "usual suspects." We conducted an unbiased search of fcc-based Ag(1)-(x)Pd(x) structures consisting of up to many thousand atoms by using a mixed-space cluster expansion. We find an unsuspected ground st...

Solar thermochemical pyro-metallurgical process is an attractive prospect for the sustainable conversion of both metal oxides and sunlight into value-added chemicals. In this work, a comparative study carbothermal reduction ZnO MgO was performed in 1.5 kWth directly-irradiated solar reactor utilizing concentrated sunlight. Important operating parameters were studied during experiments including...

To analyze the limitations and the future directions of the extractive summarization paradigm, this paper proposes an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation to obtain extractive oracle summaries in terms of ROUGEn. We also propose an algorithm that enumerates all of the oracle summaries for a set of reference summaries to exploit F-measures that evaluate which system summaries contain how...