When Escherichia coli Olll:B4 is exposed briefly to ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) it releases 30 to 50% of its lipopolysaccharide, determined not only by measuring percentage release of colitose, a sugar unique to this polymer, but also by measuring the amount of phenol-extractable lipopolysaccharide remaining with the cell. The fraction released cannot be significantly increased above 50%...

In etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) shoots about 3% of the total extractable phytochrome was found in the mitochondrial fraction and about 4.5% in the microsomal fraction, while over 70% was soluble in the 105,000g supernatant. The value of Delta(DeltaA) per milligram of protein was significantly higher in the 105,000g supernatant than in these particulate fractions. The percentage c...

17 Septic tanks with subsequent soil treatment systems (STS) are a common treatment technique 18 for domestic wastewater in rural areas. Phosphorus (P) leakage from such systems may pose a 19 risk to water quality (especially if they are located relatively close to surface waters). In this 20 study, six STS in Sweden (11 to 28 years old) were examined. Samples taken from the 21 unsaturated subs...

Chiral insecticide paichongding (IPP) is one of the prospective substitutes for imidacloprid used in China due to its higher activity against imidacloprid-resistant insects. However, little is known about the fate of IPP in soils, including especially the different behaviors among its stereoisomers. In this study, four stereoisomers of IPP were separated and applied in flooded soils. Kinetics o...

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection. However, the methods are not standardized. We therefore prospectively evaluated the sensitivities and specificities of ELISAs developed in the United States and the United Kingdom in a study population comprising 41 consecutive symptomatic outpatients and 35 volunteers. At endoscopy, multi...

Modified Hedley fraction method was used to study the forms and profile distribution in the tidal river network region subjected to rapid deposition and hydrologic disturbance in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) estuary, eastern China. The results showed that the total P (Pt) ranged from 612.1 to 657.8 mg kg(-1). Dilute HCl extractable inorganic P (Pi) was the predominant form in all profiles, both...

We propose a new cryptographic primitive, called extractable perfectly one-way (EPOW) functions. Like perfectly one-way (POW) functions, EPOW functions are probabilistic functions that reveal no information about their input, other than the ability to verify guesses. In addition, an EPOW function, f , guarantees that any party that manages to compute a value in the range of f “knows” a correspo...

Changes of chromosomal basic proteins of rats have been followed during transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa in the testis and during maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis. Rat testis chromatin has been fractionated on the basis of differing sensitivity to shearing, yielding a soluble fraction and a condensed fraction. The sperm histone is found in the condensed fraction. Somatic...

Previous work has shown that cacao nib cadmium (Cd) concentrations decrease during fermentation, but only when reaching sufficiently low pH. In this work, lab-scale experiments (5 kg units) with lactic and acetic acid amendments were ineffective at reducing the total Cd concentration. contrast, water-extractable fraction of concentration clearly increased pH was decreased. When single pod deriv...

This study compared the extractability of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn by 8 extraction protocols for 22 representative rural soils in Taiwan and correlated the extractable amounts of the metals with their uptake by Chinese cabbage for developing an empirical model to predict metal phytoavailability based on soil properties. Chemical agents in these protocols included dilute acids, neutral salts, and ...