Abstract Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a diverse group of small membranous particles classified by protein and nucleic acid content, size, method biogenesis, cellular origin. The need for predictive biomarkers neurodegenerative disease is critical early detection potential therapeutic intervention. We have previously identified multiple high ranking miRNAs in total cerebrospinal f...

Following uephrectomy in the rat blood pressure rises while the extracellular fluid volume increases, sodium concentration falls and potassium rises. These changes (without the potassium rise) can be mimicked by simple hyperosmotic loading while the reverse can bo induced by dehydration. The rise in blood pressure is not due to either expansion of the extracellular space or the fall in sodium c...

Hypertension following bilateral nephrectomy of dogs has been obtained consistently in association with sodium balance and in the absence of expansion of the extracellular fluid volume as ordinarily measured. An enhanced dietary protein intake appears to be involved in the genesis of the hypertension under these conditions. Alterations in protein and potassium metabolism are described. The pres...

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a major part of the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system. The function of the CSF and the tissue that secretes it, the choroid plexus (CP) has traditionally been thought as providing the brain with essential nutrients, removing products of neuronal activity of the central nervous system, and providing mechanical support for the brain's fragile cellu...