Background: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common complication in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Components incorporated in the regulation of appetite and body composition appear to be of the focus in renal insufficiency and may influence the CKD-associated PEM. The purpose of this study was to investigate plasma levels of appetite-regulating hormones and their co...

The brain microstructure is the complex organizations of cellular structures and the extra-cellular space. Insights into this microstructure can be gained in vivo by means of diffusion-weighted imaging that is sensitive to the local patterns of diffusion of water molecules throughout the brain. Diffusion compartment imaging (DCI) provides a separate parameterization for the diffusion signal ari...

After several decades of mining, the block has entered development stage ultra-high water cut. Although encryption adjustment and subdivision for different mining objects have been completed, interlayer interference is still serious invalid cycle exists, making it difficult to develop adjust. The injection well can further improve production degree various oil layers, effectively utilization ra...

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For optimal cellular function a stable extracellular pH is needed [1]. There are several cellular and extra-cellular buffer systems in the body that interacts to maintain a stable extracellular pH. But in neonates to keep a stable extracellular pH poses a challenge due to the higher production of acids as compared to adults, which is three times higher as compared to adults. The most important ...

Neuronal firing in the hippocampal formation (HF) of freely moving rodents shows striking examples of spatialorganization in the form of place, directional, boundary vector and grid cells. The firing of place and grid cells shows an intriguing form of temporal organization known as 'theta phase precession'. We review the mechanisms underlying theta phase precession of place cell firing, ranging...

Abbreviations: ECF and ICF, extracellular and intracellular fluid respectively. drinking water. Sodium distribution in isolated mesenteric arterial wall was studied with the aid of 22Na, which was continuously washed out. Data were analysed by digital computer simulation without recourse to ancillary chemical measurements of Introduction extracellular space. 2. A three-compartment model consist...