نتایج جستجو برای: external beam radiotherapy
تعداد نتایج: 351412 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Background: Physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. However the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...
introduction patient set-up optimization is required in radiotherapy to fill the accuracy gap between personalized treatment planning and uncertainties in the irradiation set-up. in this study, we aimed to develop a new method based on neural network to estimate patient geometrical setup using 4-dimensional (4d) xcat anthropomorphic phantom. materials and methods to access 4d modeling of motion...
Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments of cancer that are used alone or with the combination of other treatments. Radiotherapy are used before surgery for tumor shrinking, pain relief, wound healing or prevention of continues bleedings. In this paper, types of radiotherapy and safety principles for nurses are considered. There are three basic methods for radiotherapy: teletherapy, br...
The surgical treatment of early breast cancer has evolved from the removal of the entire breast and surrounding tissues (mastectomy) to the removal of the tumour together with a margin of healthy tissue (lumpectomy). Adjuvant radiotherapy, however, is still mainly given to the whole breast. Furthermore, external beam radiotherapy is often given several months after initial surgery and requires ...
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