This manuscript presents two experiments designed to explore the effects of attention on perceived exertion and time to failure in a fatiguing athletic task. There were two major motivating factors for these experiments. First, there are few studies evaluating attentional focus effects in endurance tasks and, second, there is a lack of integration between studies of attentional focus as externa...

Falls represent a substantial risk in the elderly. Previous studies have found that a focus on the outcome or effect of the movement (external focus of attention) leads to improved balance performance, whereas a focus on the movement execution itself (internal focus of attention) impairs balance performance in elderly. A shift toward more conscious, explicit forms of motor control occurs when e...

Language acquisition represents one of the great learning achievements in human cognitive development. Perhaps, this process takes place in a relatively automatic manner in which, simply through exposure to language input, the child configures her language organ to coincide with the structure of the maternal language. In this context, the problem of the vast uncertainty between speech input and...

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) process encompasses several nervous system components such as medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal, frontal and occipital lobes. the role of eye movement (em) has been documented previously in relation with cognitive processing mechanisms. by emdr we can reach some parts of memory which were inaccessible before and als...

The present study examined the impact of mind-wandering and distraction in silent and noisy studying environments and how individual differences in working memory capacity offered resistance to these two distinct forms of attention failure. Two groups of participants read a text in different environments and answered reading comprehension questions. While reading, thought probes asked participa...

Purpose. This study investigated if (1) the beneficial effects of an external focus of attention on learning a motor skill were influenced by an internal focus of attention provided at initial instruction (2) or by an internal focus of attention at the early stage of the acquisition phase and (3) their relation to the automation hypothesis. Methods. Three separate experiments were performed wit...

People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties sustaining their attention on external tasks. Such attentional lapses have often been characterized as the simple opposite of external sustained attention, but the different types of attentional lapses, and the subjective experiences to which they correspond, remain unspecified. In this study, we showed that unmedicat...

two kinds of music can be identified in any poetic works: internal music and external music. this research investigates both types and their implications and effects in yahia alsamaway’s divan, inscriptions on the trunk of a palm. concerning external music, the article tries to examine features such as the metric and rhyme patterns. concerning internal musical elements, the article pays atten...

*Correspondence: Felipe De Brigard , Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall 884, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. e-mail: [email protected] Most research on the relationship between attention and consciousness has been limited to perception. However, perceptions are not the only kinds of mental contents of which we can be conscious. An important set ...