With the institution of the new chemical regulatory framework in 2003, chemicals at the workplace have been classified into five categories; banned substances, permission-required substances, regulated substances, occupational exposure limit set substances, and other generally controlled substances. Currently, there are 698 substances with OELs. As we have come to gain our own experiences in th...

Biomarker use in exposure assessment is increasingly common, and consideration of related issues is of growing importance. Exposure quantification may be compromised when measurement is subject to a lower threshold. Statistical modeling of such data requires a decision regarding the handling of such readings. Various authors have considered this problem. In the context of linear regression anal...

Recent evidence suggests that increased liking of exposed stimuli-a phenomenon known as the mere exposure effect-is dependent on experiencing the stimuli in the same context at exposure and test. Three experiments extended this work by examining the effect of presenting target stimuli in single and multiple exposure contexts. Target face stimuli were repeatedly paired with nonsense words, which...

The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, on an administrative basis, establishes and supervises the Administrative Concentration Level, which can be viewed as an Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) legally binding employers to maintain a good working environment. The Japan Society for Occupational Health, on a scientific basis, establishes the Recommended OELs, which can be viewed as a referenc...

The occupational exposure limits (OELs) in Taiwan was promulgated in 1974 and has been revised five times since then. Many of the OELs were adopted from the most recent ACGIH TLVs and US OSHA PELs. A total of 483 chemicals were listed in the current Taiwan OELs Standard. The procedures of OELs development in Taiwan include the IOSH organized a recommended exposure limits (RELs) Committee to sel...

OF DISSERTATION STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE DATA SUBJECT TO DETECTION LIMITS In this dissertation, we develop unified and efficient nonparametric statistical methods for estimating and comparing environmental exposure distributions in presence of detection limits. In the first part, we propose a kernel-smoothed nonparametric estimator for the exposure distribution without imp...

For many years pharmaceutical companies have established employee exposure limits for the active ingredients used in their products. Historically these limits were derived using traditional risk assessment methods. Because the trend in the pharmaceutical industry is to identify and develop more selective drugs of increasing potency, and because of the difficulty in identifying no-effect levels ...

SCOEL has already issued Summary Documents on both Lead and Lead Compounds (SCOEL/SUM 83) and Hexavalent Chromium Compounds (SCOEL/SUM 86), to which reference is made. On this basis, the present Summary Document on Lead Chromate is focussed on experimental data on the genotoxicity of lead chromate and on the issue of bioavailibility. Specific data on lead chromate published after the latest IAR...

BACKGROUND Low molecular weight siloxanes are used in industrial processes and consumer products, and their vapors have been detected in the atmospheres of the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. Therefore, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) developed spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs) for siloxane vapors to protect astronaut health. Since publi...

A review of literature relating to the issue of adjustments of occupational exposure limits for unusual work shifts and unusual work schedules is described. The important issues relating to various adjustment models are discussed, and a number of conclusions are drawn. Tables of adjustment factors for 34 specific contaminants for 2 unusual schedules are given. A simple approach for use by indus...