An electrically controllable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with polarization-dependent characteristics is described. The optic axis of a liquid crystal (LC) can be rearrangeable by means of external electric fields, which results in the change of an effective refractive index of an LC. The reflectivity and Bragg wavelength of an LC-cladding FBG can be controlled according to the refractive index of...

Alkali vapours, such as rubidium, are being used extensively in several important fields of research such as slow and stored light nonlinear optics quantum computation, atomic clocks and magnetometers. Recently, there is a growing effort towards miniaturizing traditional centimetre-size vapour cells. Owing to the significant reduction in device dimensions, light-matter interactions are greatly ...

Introduction: Cladding-pumped rare-earth-doped fibers and Raman fiber devices have been two of the most compelling advances in the area of fiber amplifiers and lasers in recent years. Both cladding-pumped fibers and Raman fiber devices are primarily high-power devices. Cladding-pumping enables pumping with multi-mode pump sources that deliver high-power at a low cost. The core of the double-cla...

Fundamental properties such as mode field distribution, real effective refractive index, imaginary effective refractive index, confinement loss of two new kinds of honeycomb photonic crystal fibers are successfully studied by using Full-Vectorial Finite element method (FV-FEM). Low confinement loss 0.1×10dB/km is achieved at wavelength 1.55μm in hollow core honey comb PCF by removing 6-air hole...

A fully three-dimensional finite-difference time domain numerical model is presented for calculating the out-of-plane radiation loss in photonic-crystal slab waveguides. The propagation loss of a single-line defect waveguide in triangular-lattice photonic crystals is calculated for suspended-membrane, oxidized-lower-cladding, and deeply etched structures. The results show that low-loss waveguid...

purpose: in recent years high explosive bomb attacks have been increasingly directed against   civil structures by various terrorist organizations. this paper describes a numerical method for   assessing the interaction of high explosive air blast within the complex geometrical type of a   congested urban environment.   materials and methods: the first step in predicting blast effects on a targ...

introduction acute poisoning by oral ingestion of mixed hazardous materials can lead to multiorgan toxicity and may represent a special challenge in clinical management, in particular if little is known about the effects of the involved agents. this is especially true when industrial chemical substances have been swallowed, as a huge variety of toxic substances must be taken into account. concl...

A novel geometry for enhancing the sensitivity of intensity modulated refractometric fiber optic sensor for detection of adulteration level in diesel by kerosene is proposed. In this multimode plastic optical fiber is uncladded for specific length and bent into S shape. This geometry is simulated and analyzed using Beam Propagation Method in Beam prop RSOFT software. When sensor is immersed in ...

We proposed a novel optical coupling technique based on two parallel singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structures. This technique utilizes one SMS structure to excite multiple cladding modes within an output singlemode fiber. The excited multiple cladding modes will be coupled to the input SMF in the second SMS structure by placing the two SMS fiber structures in parallel and in close...