Two experiments were conducted to examine the hypothesis that learning by analogy will invoke characteristics of an implicit mode of motor learning. In the first experiment, table tennis novices learned to hit forehand topspin implicitly, explicitly or by analogy. The results showed that the analogy and implicit learning groups accumulated equivalently fewer explicit rules than the explicit lea...

We study a practical optimization problems for venture capital investments and/or Research and Development (R&D) investments. The first problem is that, given the amount of the initial investment and the reward function at the initial public offering (IPO) market, the venture capitalist wants to maximize overall discounted cash flows after subtracting subsequent (if needed) investments. We desc...

Splitting method is a powerful to handle application problems by splitting physics, scales, domain, and so on. Many algorithms have been designed for efficient temporal discretization. In this paper, our goal use concepts in designing machine learning and, at the same time, help incorporating data speeding them up. We propose assisted scheme which improves efficiency of meanwhile preserves accu...

This paper draws on an approach that conceptualizes L2 learning difficulty in terms of implicit and explicit knowledge. In a study with L1 Mexican Spanish university-level learners (n=30), their teachers (n=11) and applied linguistics experts (n=3), we investigated the relationship between (a) these groups’ difficulty judgements of 13 selected L2 English structures and (b) perceived learning di...

rules Associations Conscious knowledge Unconscious knowledge Where is implicit learning? 49 ➊ The role of consciousness:  Is cognition without consciousness possible? In what sense? ➋ Knowledge representation:  How is abstract knowledge represented? Two central issues Abstract rules Associations Conscious knowledge explicit learning Unconscious knowledgerules Associations Conscious knowledge ...