A full-term female baby was diagnosed as having Apert syndrome with craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, syndactyly, polydactyly, and cleft plate. At her first ophthalmic visit at 8 months old, she was noted to have bilateral exophthalmos with epiblepharon on her lower lids, exotropia, and right inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) and manifested right dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). The...

PURPOSE To evaluate the surgical results of medial rectus (MR) muscle advancement with or without recession of the antagonist muscle for consecutive exotropia. METHODS Medical records of patients with consecutive exotropia (n = 27) were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received one-eye surgery with MR advancement, lateral rectus (LR) recession, or combined surgery. The pre- and post-ope...

When an eye becomes deviated in early childhood, a person does not experience double vision, although the globes are aimed at different targets. The extra image is prevented from reaching perception in subjects with alternating exotropia by suppression of each eye's peripheral temporal retina. To test the impact of visual suppression on neuronal activity in primary (striate) visual cortex, the ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the result of re-operation on the deviated eye of recurred, consecutive or undercorrected sensory strabismus after surgery. METHODS The medical records of 11 patients who had received second strabismus operation on the deviated eye due to recurred, consecutive or undercorrected sensory strabismus were studied retrospectively. RESULTS Among the 11 patients, five patients ...

PURPOSE To report orthoptic changes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS This interventional case series included 297 eyes of 150 patients scheduled for PRK. Complete ophthalmologic evaluations focusing on orthoptic examinations were performed before and 3 months after PRK. RESULTS Before PRK, 2 (1.3%) patients had esotropia which remained unchanged; 3 (2%) patients had far exot...

PURPOSE The concordance of strabismic phenotypes was examined in monozygotic versus multizygotic twins and other multiple births to study the role of genetic background in different types of commitant strabismus. METHODS Medical charts of 45 consecutive pairs of twins (16 monozygotic and 18 dizygotic twins, and 11 with unknown zygosity), 3 sets of triplets (one monozygotic and 2 trizygotic tr...

We studied the relationship between eye position in the awakened state and in the surgical plane of anesthesia in orthophoric and horizontal strabismus patients. We classified 105 orthophoric and horizontal strabismus patients into 5 groups, measured the eye position at the primary position by photographic measurement of the corneal reflex positions and undertook a quantitative study of eye pos...

Suppression scotomas and retinal projection (retinal correspondence) were measured in six intermittent exotropes during deviation. Measurements used red-green anaglyph stimuli presented on a black background which could be varied from 3.4 minutes of arc to 3 degrees 24'. Results showed non-suppression of all points between the fovea and the diplopia point. Harmonious anomalous retinal correspon...