In 1998-2002, Argentina experienced what the government described as a “great depression.” Using the “Great Depressions” methodology developed by Cole and Ohanian (1999) and Kehoe and Prescott (2002), we find that the primary determinants of both the boom in Argentina in the 1990s and the subsequent depression were changes in productivity, rather than changes in factor inputs. The timing of eve...

It has been observed that folie acid (2) or citrovorum factor (1) will prevent the anti-leukemic ac tion of folie acid antagonists. We have reported that desoxyribonucleic acid (5) and vitamin Bi2 (7) will partially prevent the anti-leukemic action of 4-aminopteroylglutamic acids, and have more re cently observed that a combination of thymidine, adenylic, guanylic, and cytidylic acids or DNA pl...

In this paper, we present a hybrid chain coding based scheme for contours and binary image compression and reconstruction. The proposed scheme comprises of a lossless and a lossy parts. This scheme is designed in such a way to generate extensive number of replicate links in the contours that can be assembled according to our (n10, 5) rule that can be highly compressed. Furthermore, for the loss...

It has been shown, for non-Communist developed and developing countries, that earlier development of agriculture, a dense population, and a state-level polity is associated with a higher income and more rapid economic growth in the late 20 Century. We investigate whether this was also the case for countries under Communism and for the same countries in transition to a market economy. Our findin...

This paper provides a theory of the interactions between democratization and the emergence of rule of law. Heterogeneous individuals can make costly investments in protection against expropriation by others and the state. The public enforcement of property rights, whose cost depends on these investments, is chosen by the politically enfranchised population. We characterize the dynamic evolution...

A new type of large area metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system for the growth of high quality and large size ZnO materials is introduced. Materials properties of the un-doped, nand p-doped ZnO epi-films grown on sapphire substrates by this MOCVD system are studied by various techniques, including high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible optical transmission (OT), pho...

Aluminum is a major rock-forming element, but its low solubility in H2O at upper crustal conditions has led to the assumption that it is effectively immobile during fluid–rock interaction in the deep crust and upper mantle. However, new experimental results on Al solubility in H2O–SiO2–NaCl fluids at high pressure and temperature challenge this view. The combined effects of temperature, pressur...