In a variely of contexts regulatory agencies are legally obliged to use a cost-benefit rule (or some variant there of) to revise environmental standards to reflect improvements m pollution-control techniques, but have considerable discretion over the timing of such revision. How should the agency use this discretion? In a simple model of standard-setting under endogenous technical change we sho...

Literature in health and social care is replete with synonyms referring to the need for health and social care agencies to ‘work together’ more effectively in ‘partnership’ and in ‘collaboration’. These words are frequently used interchangeably, often within the same paragraph or even sentence. Much of the use of terminology is policy driven, promoting terms such as ‘joined-up thinking’ and ‘jo...

Do presidents use federal agencies as campaign resources? Scholars of distributive politics have long argued that political elites use public policy outcomes for electoral benefit. Of late, researchers have focused more closely on the president’s role in this process. However, little work examines how differences across agencies condition agency responsiveness to presidential electoral preferen...

Do audits by executive agencies impact the behavior of those audited? Does revealing negative information about legislators affect electoral results and behavior? Institutions that encourage transparency, such as campaign finance disclosure, influence mass elite behavior. Campaign transparency provides to voters during legislative campaigns character candidates, this affects voter legislator Th...

Issued by the European Commission's Intelligent Energy Executive Agency (IEEA), this report presents a series of international projects supported by the European Union's Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE) programme. The information contained in it may be reproduced. The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with its authors. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the ...

The long-standing doctrine of deferential review by appellate courts of findings of fact by administrative agencies is seriously flawed for two main reasons. First, the most prominent justification for deference relies on the empirical assumption that first-instance adjudicators are best able to determine the truth because they can directly view witness demeanor. Decades of social science resea...

Johannesburg, South Africa Background to CDS Process of CDS Outcome • Population 3.5 million, 12% of nation GDP in the city, 30% below poverty line, stagnant economy, unemployment rising to almost 30% • Transformation of civic structure, from a single municipality, now the greater Johannesburg municipality with executive powers for the Mayor • CDS process begun as a part of strategic planning p...

LEVELS First, what are the various “levels” in our industry? At the top is Mr. John Q. Public. He is in the driver’s seat, in more ways than one. As taxpayer and voter he is our boss, as well as the user of our product. Under him our industry may be split into two main categories—Public Domain, or the various governmental agencies, and Private Enterprise, which includes the contractor, the mate...

As the science of genetic testing progresses, the debate surrounding the uses of genetic information intensifies. In February, President Clinton signed an executive order prohibiting federal agencies from using such information to make hiring, promotion, or placement decisions. Concerns about privacy and discrimination have led many states to propose or enact statutes that prohibit health insur...

The Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections (OIs) in HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children in the United States were developed by a panel of specialists in pediatric HIV infection and infectious diseases from the U.S. government and academic institutions, intended for use by clinicians and health care workers providing medical care for HIV-exposed and HIV-infecte...