A highly excited Friedmann universe filled with a scalar field and radiation has been considered. On the basis of a direct solution to the quantum-mechanical problem with a well-defined time variable, it has been shown that such a universe can have features (energy density, scale factor, Hubble constant, density parameter, matter mass, equivalent number of baryons, age, dimensions of large-scal...

Progress in extracting the spectrum of excited hadron resonances is reviewed and the key issues and challenges in such computations are outlined. The importance of multi-hadron states as simulations are done with lighter pion masses is discussed, and the need for all-to-all quark propagators is emphasized.