Chlorine- and bromine-containing ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are controlled by the 1987 Montreal Protocol. In consequence, atmospheric equivalent chlorine peaked in 1993 and has been declining slowly since then. Consistent with this, models project a gradual increase in stratospheric ozone with the Antarctic ozone hole expected to disappear by ∼2050. However, we show that by 2013 the Mont...

Industrial chlorofluorocarbons that cause ozone depletion have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol. A chemically driven increase in polar ozone (or "healing") is expected in response to this historic agreement. Observations and model calculations together indicate that healing of the Antarctic ozone layer has now begun to occur during the month of September. Fingerprints of September he...

Iodotrifluoromethane (CF 3 I) has been considered to be a candidate replacement for bromotrifluoromethane (CF 3 Br), which is used in aircraft for fuel inerting and for fire fighting. In this study, the chemical effects of aircraft-released CF 3 I on atmospheric ozone were examined with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 5 two-dimensional chemical-radiative-transport (UIUC 2-D CRT) ...

Fish from aquaculture has the ability to meet consumer demand for a healthy and sustainable diet. The environmental footprint of fish farming depends largely on method production. Trout production in temperate climate zone open flow-through systems using natural hydraulic gradient streams as freshwater supply is energy efficient relative more intensive systems. To investigate possibility reduci...

Following the industrial revolution, major economic and populational growth took place, and, therefore, solid waste generation increased exponentially. Nowadays, management still generates impacts because current wide offer of strategies includes many solutions that produce suboptimal results, such as landfill or incineration. From a circular economy perspective, composting is potentially susta...

Photovoltaic systems inherently generate pollutants over their entire life-cycle. To study the environmental impact of products, an inventory of all energy and material inputs for the product is made, including all emissions to the environment. This life cycle inventory is subsequently used to calculate the size of various impact indicators, such as land-use, depletion of resources, contributio...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Near-total depletions of ozone have been observed in the Arctic spring since the mid 1980s. The autocatalytic cycles involving reactive halogens are now recognized to be of main importance for Ozone Depl...

Profiles of stratospheric ozone and chlorine monoxide radical (C1O) have been obtained from balloon measurements of atmospheric limb thermal emission at millimeter wavelengths. The C1O measurements, important for assessing the predicted depletion of stratospheric ozone by chlorine from industrial sources, are in close agreement with present theory, The predicted decrease of C1O at sunset was me...