FDI is, however, risky for the investing firm and often controversial for the host. So while some states and regions in the U.S. have enthusiastically embraced FDI as part of their economic development strategies, other states have not. Successes around the country have led to reconsideration of the previous views of FDI, and most states are now actively seeking investment from overseas, many w...

A joint concern with multidimensionality and dynamics is a defining feature of the pervasive use of the terminology of social exclusion in the European Union. The notion of social exclusion focuses attention on economic vulnerability in the sense of exposure to risk and uncertainty. Sociological concern with these issues has been associated with the thesis that risk and uncertainty have become ...

The paper provides an overview of theoretical and methodological aspects of approaches used to test the interaction between energy use and economic development, and discusses the appropriateness of drawing policy conclusions on the basis of energy-economy Granger causality tests. Methodological issues, arising from the number and type of variables or the test methods used, are outlined. Problem...