Output growth in the U.S., a commodity-importing country, increases its demand for imports of commodities and therefore commodity prices, which benefits commodityexporting countries but has adverse effects on commodity-importing countries. Hence, in the data, U.S. output is more positively correlated with outputs of commodity-exporting countries than commodity-importing countries. In other word...

We used a gravity model to investigate determinants of China’s pulp and paper products trade from 1995 to 2005. The results show that an importing country’s economy size, forest endowment, distance to China, exchange rate, and membership in Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), plus China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its forest products policy change implemented in ...

The effect of the single European currency on African economies is uncertain. Many agree that the euro, which will become the sole legal tender in 11 European countries (euroland) after June 30, 2002, will have an economic effect on the 14 African countries that use the CFA franc as their currency, but the direction of that effect is unknown. Currently, euroland and the CFA countries have clo...

Does producing staple food locally cause fewer greenhouse gas emissions than food sourced through imports from another continent? To address this question we used a spatial optimization approach that minimized greenhouse gas emissions from production and transport of five food commodities (barley, maize, oil, sugar and wheat) and compared this to a setting of local production where distances be...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Health care workers (HCWs) have a great background to promote their health - not only their professional knowledge on health but often also special equipment in their work environment. However, it is unclear if HCWs can use such infrastructure to promote their own health as well as what is their motivation to change their own lifestyles. Thus, the aim of the article was...

Introduction The international biodiesel production increased steadily and exponentially from 2000 to 2007 (WBGU, 2008). More than half of this increase can be attributed to biodiesel production in the European Union (EU). The production of biodiesel in Europe depends mostly on canola oil (e.g. Ho, 2006). As a result, Europe naturally had an increase in the demand for canola oil. In fact, the i...

The paper examines the developmental status of four of the next candidate countries’ information infrastructures for accession into the European Union (EU). It develops significant relationships between nations’ levels of information infrastructure development and their economic and social developments, and applies these relationships to evaluate investment needs for a select group of accession...