The magnetic and optical properties of the divalent state of europium make this ion extremely attractive for use in materials, catalysis, luminescence, magnetic, and diagnostic-medical applications. A major hindrance to the use of Eu in many of these applications is the extreme propensity of the ion to oxidize to Eu, especially in aqueous solution. Research efforts aimed at increasing the stabi...

1 Background The Japanese government is conducting electricity system reform in stages and plans to complete this reform by 2020. Historically, all electricity related services in Japan have been overseen by regional monopolistic entities. After the reform is completed, both the wholesale and retail electricity markets will be perfectly competitive, as in most countries in the EU, and many stat...

In a referendum conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) on June 23, 2016, $51.6\%$ of the participants voted to leave the European Union (EU). The outcome of this referendum had major policy and financial impact for both UK and EU, and was seen as a surprise because the predictions consistently indicate that the ``Remain'''' would get a majority. In this paper, we investigate whether the outcome o...

Background The sustainability of long-term care (LTC) is a prominent policy priority in many Western countries. LTC is one of the most pressing fiscal issues for the growing population of elderly people in the European Union (EU) Member States. Country recommendations regarding LTC are prominent under the EU’s European Semester.   Methods This paper examines challenges related to the financial-...

The continuity for discovery and production of new chemicals, allied products, and uses has currently resulted into generation of recent form of contaminants known as Emerging Contaminants (ECs). Once in the aquatic environment ECs are carcinogenic and cause other threats to both human's and animals' health. Due to their effects this study was aimed at investigating research trends of ECs in Ta...

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccine which is prepared in Razi Institute is used in endemic areas ofIran. Aluminum-hydroxide gel was used as adjuvant for preparing this vaccine. Post-vaccinal shock reactionswere the main complaint after use of this vaccine. In a previous study, we could improve the vaccine byalum-precipitation Pasteurella multocida cells and removing the liquid phase. In this ...

Since the mid-1990s, dozens of States, including those of the EU, have reformed their evidence laws so as to grant digital signature technologies the same proof value as handwritten signatures, as a mechanism for proving identity of authorship, consentement to obligations, and integrity of electronic records after their transmission across time and space. Yet, several archival institutions (inc...