1. Male Wistar rats (approximately 200 g) were given distilled water and a semi-synthetic control diet for 6 d. On day 7, 37 kBq 65Zn were administered intramuscularly and the rats were given distilled water, beer, cider, red wine, whisky or ethanol as their only source of fluid. The wine, whisky and ethanol were diluted so that each of the beverages contained a similar ethanol concentration (a...

Changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, temperature, and precipitation affect plant growth and evapotranspiration. However, the interactive effects of these factors are relatively unexplored, and it is important to consider their combined effects at geographic and temporal scales that are relevant to policymaking. Accordingly, we estimate how climate change would affect water requirements fo...

Highly-effective sustainable hydrogen production from ethanol and water was achieved in a tubular dense mixed-conducting oxygen permeable membrane reactor, in which water splitting took place at the tube side of the membrane and oxidative steam reforming of ethanol occurred at the shell side simultaneously.

AIM To study the changes in the expression and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the rat nucleus accumbens after chronic ethanol intake and its withdrawal. METHODS Ethanol was given in drinking water at the concentration of 6 % (v/v), for one month. Changes in the levels of CREB and phospho-CREB (p-CREB) protein in the nucleus accumbens were measured by immuno...

BACKGROUND Ethanol is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. We are interested in the compensatory mechanisms used by the nervous system to counter the effects of ethanol intoxication. Recently, the slowpoke BK-type calcium-activated potassium channel gene has been shown to be involved in ethanol sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans and in rapid tolerance to the anesthetic benzyl al...

Background and objectives: Essential oils are used for their flavors and fragrances and their medicinal properties in food, cosmetic, agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. This study was focused on the selection of the best solvent(s) which would increase water solubility of ketone and phenol classes of essential oils. Methods: The solubility of s...

This study concerns a new antiretroviral drug named CRS 74, which has a limited bioavailability because of its low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. To improve these properties, CRS 74 can be recrystallized by using Liquid Anti-Solvent (LAS) crystallization. Ethanol is chosen as the solvent under study for the molecule and water as the anti-solvent. Since solubility data is limited, it i...

OBJECTIVE Chronic ethanol consumption is a major public health problem throughout the world. We investigated the anxiolytic-like effects and the possible ever injury induced by the chronic consumption of ethanol or sugarcane spirit in mice. METHOD Adult mice were exposed to a two-bottle free-choice paradigm for 6 weeks. The mice in Group A (n = 16) had access to sugarcane spirit + distilled w...

BACKGROUND In the wild, frugivorous and nectarivorous bats often eat fermenting fruits and nectar, and thus may consume levels of ethanol that could induce inebriation. To understand if consumption of ethanol by bats alters their access to food and general survival requires examination of behavioural responses to its ingestion, as well as assessment of interspecific variation in those responses...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether a single treatment with ethanol/water (70:30) will sterilize infected vascular catheters. METHODS A double-blinded, block-randomized trial was conducted in a sheep model comparing the efficacy of one 3 h treatment with ethanol/water (70:30) with heparinized saline for treatment of Hickman vascular catheters infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Catheters we...