Abstract During color etching, the examined grain structure undergoes a continuous, cyclic change. This phenomenon is accompanied by continuous loss of light intensity reflected from surface. If etching process not stopped in time, surface will be over etched. As result, separability individual grains greatly damaged, which can lead to significant information. It was investigated how determine ...

Carnation (Dianthus caryophylinus) is one of the most popular ornamental flowers worldwide. etched ring virus (CERV), belonging to Caulimovirus genus, second significant on carnation crops around world. CERV particles are isometric, with a diameter 47 nm, which contains double-stranded, circular DNA at length about 7932 kbp as genome. causes necrotic flecks, rings and line patterns leaves. Infe...