Titanium is a promising new material system for the bulk micromachining of microelectromechanical MEMS devices. Titaniumbased MEMS have the potential to be used for a number of applications, including those which require high fracture toughness or biocompatibility. The bulk titanium etch rate, TiO2 mask etch rate, and surface roughness in an inductively coupled plasma ICP as a function of vario...

In this work, the authors enhanced the etch resistance of the negative-tone electron resist, hydrogen silsesquioxane HSQ to CF4 reactive ion etching RIE by curing HSQ after development. They fabricated superconducting nanowires that were 15 nm wide by pattern transfer into a 6-nm-thick layer of NbN using cured HSQ as the etch mask. HSQ was cured using a postdevelop electron-beam exposure step p...

Background and aims. Nano-ionomer (NI) interacts with tooth structures superficially, and there is a concern about the enamel bonding ability of mild self-etch Ketac primer. This study compared the effect of different adhesive procedures (self-etching and etch-and-rinse approach) on long-term marginal microleakage of nano-filled resin-modified glass-ionomer (NI) cervical restorations. Materials...

A wet etch process that produces smooth sidewalls aligned with the m-plane ({1!100}) crystal facets of Ga-polar GaN grown on sapphire is demonstrated by combining photo-electrochemical (PEC) treatment with a postprocessing wet etch step. This novel process results in faceted and extremely smooth vertical etched sidewalls. This two-step process consists of a PEC treatment to define the geometry ...

MUMPs (Multi-User MEMS Process) based microchannels made of either glass or polysilicon have been successfully designed, fabricated and tested. The fabrication process used timed wet-chemical etching to selectively etch sacrificial materials with the assistance of etch holes. The prototype glass and polysilicon microchannels have cross-section areas of 70 m×4 m and 70 m×2 m, respectively, and b...

Electron transport chain (ETCh) of ammonium (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) participates in oxidation of ammonium to nitrate (nitrification). Operation of ETCh may be perturbed by a range of water-soluble xenobiotics. Therefore, consortia of nitrifying bacteria may be used as a biosensor to detect water contamination. A surprising feature of this system is an increase of oxygen consu...

background: a prolonged life of fissure sealant has always been the target for preventing caries in vulnerable newly erupted teeth. the use of preparatory techniques including bur introduction to the fissures is considered among such improving steps. the aim of this investigation was to compare the microleakage level of fissure sealants prepared by a fissurotomy bur or pumice prophylaxis prior ...

background: antioxidizing agents have recently been suggested to compensate decreased bond strength of resin materials to bleached tooth tissues. this study compared the shear bond strength (sbs) of three different adhesives on bleached dentin immediately after bleaching, bleached/delayed for 1 week, and bleached/applied antioxidizing agent. materials and methods: the dentinal surfaces of 132 i...