BACKGROUND Arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO₂) decreases at an altitude of >1,500 m. There are no reports on normal SaO₂ at altitudes between 0 and 1,500 m. The clinical significance of decreased SaO₂ at such altitudes is unclear. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that in healthy volunteers normal SaO₂ at moderate altitude (MA; 725 m) is lower than that at almost sea level (SL; 43 m)....

sepsis is one of the most important causes of mortality in trauma patients. sometimes its diagnosis could be difficult, especially at early stages. it is clear that early diagnosis of sepsis, especially with serum markers, may decrease the rate of death in trauma patients. investigation to find a rapid as well as accurate serum marker indicative of sepsis seems necessary. seum antithrombin iii ...

In the current study, the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on toxicokinetics of methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolite amphetamine (AP) were investigated. A single dose of MA hydrochloride at 15 mg/Kg was given intragastrically, either alone (MA group; n = 8) or in conjunction with 3 g/Kg EtOH (MA+EtOH group; n = 8) to rabbits. In placebo group, normal saline only was given (placebo group; n = 4). Pl...

information literacy is a set of individual skills and abilities to accurate identifying, accessing, using, evaluating and reviewing of information resources. since this skills improved the student capabilities to retrieval, management and use of information; nowadays, it is considered as one of the most importantcriterion fortheevaluation of students by forums. this study is a descriptive and ...

Morphological variation in Ephedra (Gnetales) is limited and confusing from an evolutionary perspective, with parallelisms and intraspecific variation. However, recent analyses of molecular data provide a phylogenetic framework for investigations of morphological traits, albeit with few informative characters in the investigated gene regions. We document morphological, anatomical and histologic...