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Objective: To compare frequency of anastomotic leak with ligation versus preservation azygos vein in the primary repair esophageal atresia (EA) trachea-esophageal fistula (TEF) neonates. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department Pediatric Surgery, Pakistan Institute Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: October 2019 to September 2020. Material & Methods: This study invol...

Anorectal malformation is a congenital anomaly and can be either isolated or associated. This often combined with other defects, in particular VACTERL-association (anomalies of the spine, anal region, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidneys extremities), which requires comprehensive diagnosis these patients. Congenital malformations gastrointestinal tract except for esophageal atresia are rare. The ...

Introduction: Congenital anomalies (CA’s) of most the gastrointestinal tract have been linked causally with prenatal or community cannabis exposure. Therefore, we studied this relationship in Europe. Methods: CA data were from Eurocat. Drug-use sourced European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Income taken World Bank. Results: When countries increasing rates daily use compared th...

Incidence The incidence of congenital tracheoesophageal malformations in the U.S. is approximately one in every 4,500 births. In some areas of the world (i.e., Finland), the incidence may be as high as one in 2,440 births. Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia affects males slightly more commonly than females (1.26:1). Although most cases of tracheoesophageal anomalies are sporadic, ...

BACKGROUND Although the Spitz classification is the most widely used prognostic classification for esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula (EA), its discrimination ability remains unclear. We sought to develop a more accurate prognostic classification for EA. METHODS The records of 121 consecutive infants with EA (1980-2005) were reviewed. The independent variables included 6 clin...

Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) repair using an open muscle-sparing thoracotomy has been the standard approach used in our institution. Whereas perioperative mortality is now very uncommon, short- and long-term morbidity is very common in these patients. However, the complexity of the esophageal anatomy and significant comorbidities appear to be important contributors to s...