2-Hydroxy-pyridine when treated with concentrated sulfuric acid is sulfonated at the 3-position to yield the title hydrated salt, H(3)O(+)·C(5)H(4)NO(3)S(-)·2H(2)O. In the crystal structure, the cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked by extensive O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. The crystal studied is a non-merohedral twin with a twin compo...

INTRODUCTION A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) from the TNF family, owing to its role in the generation and survival of plasma cells (PCs), is currently targeted for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, little is known about APRIL expression in RA lesions, hampering our understanding of the way APRIL may modulate this autoimmune disease. METHODS We performed immunological stain...

calcium acetate is used as an oral phosphate binder to control hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure. compared to calcium carbonate, control of hyperphosphatemia can be achieved at lower calcium administration with calcium acetate which likely reduces the risk of hypercalcemia. in this study, various formulations of calcium acetate tablets were prepared and their disintegrati...

We present an optofluidic sensor based on an elastomeric two-dimensional (2D) grating integrated inside a hemispherical fluid chamber. A laser beam is diffracted before (reflection) and after (transmission) going through the grating and liquid in the dome chamber. The sensing mechanism is investigated and simulated with a finite-difference time-domain-based electromagnetic method. For the exper...

Phosphorus (P) reserve, largely derived from phosphate rock, microalgae utilization technologies may greatly accelerate is essential for crop growth to support the growing world population. However, a significant proportion of phosphorus used as a fertilizer runs into natural waters, causing eutrophication and ecological damage. Moreover, most P in the food is eventually discharged as waste aft...

Solid-phase spectrophotometry has been improved for the determination of the total and dissolved phosphate in water. The target phosphate-P at sub-µg dm(-3) to µg dm(-3) levels in a 20-cm(3) water sample was concentrated as the molybdenum blue species to 0.06 or 0.12 cm(3) using a Sephadex G-25 within 30 min, and gel beads were introduced to a 1.5-mm or 3-mm diameter flow cell having a 10-mm li...

Malate dehydrogenase from the extreme halophile Halobacterium marismortui crystallizes in highly concentrated phosphate solution in space group 12 with cell dimensions a = 113.8 A, b = 122.8 A, c = 126.7 A, beta = 98.1 degrees. The halophilic enzyme was found to be unstable at lower concentrations of phosphate. It associates with unusually large amounts of water and salt, and the combined parti...

The impact of microbial activity on fractured chalk transmissivity was investigated on a laboratory scale. Long-term experiments were conducted on six fractured chalk cores (20 cm diameter, 23-44 cm long) containing a single natural fracture embedded in a porous matrix. Biodegradation experiments were conducted under various conditions, including several substrate and oxygen concentrations and ...

Objective: To study the stability and compatibility of dexamethasone 21 phosphate disodium salt and midazolam at various concentrations at 4 C and 23 C. Methods: Solutions of dexamethasone (4 and 10 mg/mL) were mixed with midazolam (1 and 5 mg/mL). In addition to visual inspection of the mixtures, the concentrations of dexamethasone and midazolam in the mixtures were determined by a stability-i...