conclusions these data will be beneficial for designing more advanced antibodies for the recognition of the hbsag in diagnostics. in addition, the results of this study may assist in the design or development of more effective hepatitis b vaccines. results the g145r mutation causes a considerable reduction in the immunogenic activity of the hbsag through a conformational change in the hbsag ant...

Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide of great commercial importance as it has unusual rheological properties in solution and consequent range of applications. In this study, a series of mutants were isolated from Xanthomonas campestris PTCC 1473 by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The polysaccharide yield of one mutant, XC1473E2, was 30% better than that of the parent strain. It also sh...

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. This bacterium can invade and survive inside the phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. After internalization, the bacteria can escape from the membrane-bound phagosome into the cytoplasm. Internalised B. pseudomallei can also induce a cell-to-cell fusion, resulting in a multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation. In the present stud...

We generated by allelic replacement a DeltadltA mutant of a virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 2 field strain and evaluated the contribution of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) d-alanylation to the virulence traits of this swine pathogen and zoonotic agent. The absence of LTA D-alanylation resulted in increased susceptibility to the action of cationic antimicrobial peptides. In addition, and in contra...

Of the 12 common serotypes used for gene delivery applications, Adeno-associated virus (AAV)rh.10 serotype has shown sustained hepatic transduction and has the lowest seropositivity in humans. We have evaluated if further modifications to AAVrh.10 at its phosphodegron like regions or predicted immunogenic epitopes could improve its hepatic gene transfer and immune evasion potential. Mutant AAVr...

Ideal antiviral vaccines elicit antibodies (Abs) with broad strain recognition that bind to regions that are difficult to mutate for escape. Using 10 murine norovirus (MNV) strains and 5 human norovirus (HuNoV) virus-like particles (VLPs), we identified monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2D3, which broadly neutralized all MNV strains tested. Importantly, escape mutants corresponding to this antibody wer...

The clinical success of EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in patients with lung cancer is limited by the inevitable development of treatment resistance. Two reports in this issue of Cancer Discovery uncover additional mechanisms by which EGFR-mutant lung cancers escape from EGFR kinase inhibitor treatment. These findings pave the way for clinical testing of new rational therapeutic strategies to p...

conclusions results of this study could be used to find suitable targets for inverse metabolic engineering and site-directed mutagenesis to achieve stable and high-level extracellular lipase production in y. lipolytica and other yeasts. results two nucleotide substitutions were found in the extracellular lipase lip2 orfs of y. lipolytica u6 mutant strain compared to the wild-type strain. in thi...

background : salmonella actively stimulates its own uptake into the epithelial cells by inducing cytoskeleton rearrangements and membrane ruffling triggered by some proteins secreted by salmonella into the cytosol of the epithelial cells via a type iii secretion system (ttss) encoded by genes of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1). hila is a transcriptional activator encoded on salmon...