Enamel proteins form a scaffold for growing hydroxyapatite crystals during enamel formation. They are then almost completely degraded during enamel maturation, resulting in a protein content of only 1% (w/v) in mature enamel. Nevertheless, this small amount of remaining proteins has important effects on the mechanical and structural properties of enamel and on the electrostatic properties of it...

Graphite and advanced carbon fiber composites (CFC) are widely used inside the vacuum vessel of magnetic fusion devices. However, erosion by chemical sputtering via hydrocarbon formation might limit their application as target material in future machines like ITER. The first systematic study of the chemical erosion of graphite and different CFCs (including a silicon-doped one) as a function of ...

MARTÍNEZ DEL POZO, J.Á. and ANFUSO, G., 2008. Spatial approach to medium-term coastal evolution in south Sicily (Italy): implications for coastal erosion management. Journal of Coastal Research, 24(1), 33–42. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Four sets of maps and aerial photographs have been integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) project to investigate coastal changes a...

Catastrophic outburst floods carved amphitheater-headed canyons on Earth and Mars, and the steep headwalls of these canyons suggest that some formed by upstream headwall propagation through waterfall erosion processes. Because topography evolves in concert with water flow during canyon erosion, we suggest that bedrock canyon morphology preserves hydraulic information about canyon-forming floods...

, where E(x=La) is the erosion rate at the upstream end of the flow acceleration zone above a waterfall, Fr is the Froude number at this setting, and n ranges between 0.5–1.7. This amplification expression suggests that erosion at the lip could be as much as 2–5 times higher relative to erosion at a normal setting with identical hydraulic geometry. Utilizing this erosion amplification expressio...

Research is being done to study the details and progress of soil erosion on levees and dams, including the formation and progression of rills and gullies on the slopes, and eventually to final breaching. These detailed observations of erosion differ from the typical predictions of only the maximum erosion or scour depths, for example around submerged bridge piers. Computer simulations and geote...

[1] The landscape response to climate change is frequently investigated with models because natural experiments on geologic timescales are rare. In Quebrada Veladera, in the western Andes Mountains, the formation of alluvial terraces during periods of high precipitation presents opportunities for such an experiment. We compare drainage-average erosion rates during Pleistocene terrace deposition...