Background: Despite the presence of stomata in leaves, foliar application agrochemicals can be extremely inefficient due to low permeability leaf cuticular surfaces polar compounds. Methods: This study introduced a laser-based “wax exfoliation” method facilitate penetration substances into and, together with enhancing their uptake ...

The exponent P that describes the sinusoidally modulate d * paramagnetic phase transition crosses over from a value of 0.39 near TN to a mean field value away from TN. Electrical resistivity measurements near TN are given for the c axis and the critical behaviour is discussed. Erbium orders below its NBel temperature TN= 85 K with its spins directed along the c axis of the hcp crystal and with ...

We show that the AC-Stark shift (light-shift) is a powerful and versatile tool to control the emission of a photon-echo in the context of optical storage. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that the photon-echo efficiency can be fully modulated by applying light-shift control pulses in an erbium-doped solid. The control of the echo emission is attributed to the spatial gradient induced by ...

background. There are a variety of potential hazards with laser technology. methods. A review of the literature. objective. To summarize the potential hazards of CO 2 and erbium laser technologies and the safety guidelines and equipment developed to minimize them. results. Laser hazards can be divided into the following categories: mechanical, environmental, macrobiologic, microbiologic, and ia...

Microcavity lasers based on erbium-doped lithium niobate insulator (LNOI), which are key devices for LNOI integrated photonics, have attracted much attention recently. In this Letter, we report the realization of a C-band single-mode laser using Vernier effect in two coupled Erbium-doped microrings with different radii under pump 980-nm continuous laser. The laser, operating stably over large r...

Herein, hydrothermally synthesized hematite nanorods (NRs) co-doped with erbium and titanium, using titanium tetrachloride erbium(III) nitrate pentahydrate as the dopant sources, are presented. The effect of varied volumes erbium/titanium surface co-dopants on morphology, structural, optical, photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties NRs is investigated. pristine hematite, 40 μL -Er, -Er/20 -Ti-dop...