There is a rich literature on conditions guaranteeing that certain sums of residue classes cover certain other residue classes modulo some integer N . Often it is of particular importance for applications to know that the class 0 mod N can be represented as a sum of the studied residue classes, and the zero class is often the most difficult case. A well-known result along these lines is the fam...

A square difference 3-equitable labeling of a graph G with vertex set V is a bijection f from V to {1, 2,.... | V | } jg such that if each edge uv is assigned the label -1 if |[f (u)]2 [f (v)]2 | = -1(mod 4), the label 0 if |[f (u)]2 [f (v)]2 | = 0(mod 4) and the label 1 if |[f (u)]2 [f (v)]| = 1(mod 4), then the number of edges labeled with i and the number of edges labelled with j differ by a...

A graph G is equitably k-colorable if its vertices can be partitioned into k independent sets in such a way that the number of vertices in any two sets differ by at most one. The smallest integer k for which such a coloring exists is known as the equitable chromatic number of G and it is denoted by χ=(G). In this paper the problem of determinig the value of equitable chromatic number for multic...

McNamara and Pylyavskyy conjectured precisely which connected skew shapes are maximal in the Schur-positivity order, which says that B ≤s A if sA − sB is Schurpositive. Towards this, McNamara and van Willigenburg proved that it suffices to study equitable ribbons, namely ribbons whose row lengths are all of length a or (a+ 1) for a ≥ 2. In this paper we confirm the conjecture of McNamara and Py...

This paper examines the impact of British Columbia’s Climate Action Tax Credit on creating a more equitable environment in face increasing carbon taxes. By applying economic concepts such as marginal social/private costs and consumer/producer spending by implementation Pigouvian tax (carbon tax), analyzes equity that theoretically should be present Columbia consequence credit. It several second...

This paper intends to make a reflection and analysis of the impact of theoretical and methodological frameworks of reference on different neo-institutional approaches in social policy. The paper questions the functionality and continuity of the institutions that are responsible for the functions of designing and implementing programs of social policy, given the profound changes on the environme...

—When culture is integrated into the mathematics classroom, it improves students' academic achievement [3], helps move classrooms towards an equitable learning environment [30] [31], helps students have positive beliefs about mathematics [23], and integrates mathematics with other disciplines [56], [58]. Moreover, if you observe today's kids, the use of video games in their daily and/or weekly ...

We present experimental results on the ultimatum bargaining game which support an evolutionary explanation of subjects’ behaviour in the game. In these experiments subjects interacted with each other and also with virtual players, i.e. computer programs with prespecified strategies. Some of these virtual players were designed to play the equitable allocation, while others exhibited behaviour cl...

Coupled with the obesity epidemic, food insecurity presents a public health and social crisis. The United States’ industrialized food system embodies an unsustainable network of production and unequal distribution of food creating threats to both the natural environment and human development. Ecological, economic, and social systems are interdependent and their relationships to food security ar...

Research is divided about the potential of e-service to bridge communication gaps, particularly to diverse user groups. According to the existing body of literature, eservice may either increase or decrease the quality of service received. This study analyzes the level of service received by different genders and ethnic groups when academic and public librarians answer 676 online reference quer...