this study aimed to find an appropriate way to minimize water utility in the petrochemical and petroleum industries. for this purpose, tehran oil refinery was chosen to analyze feasibilities of regeneration, reuse and recycling in the water network. in this research, two key contaminants including cod and hardness were analyzed. amount of freshwater was reduced about 180 m3/h (53%) and 216.88 m...

According to Dahl (2014), water shortages in parts of the United States are so dire that attitudes toward wastewater reuse, including direct injection into drinking water, are becoming more favorable. He noted 12 locations nationwide that directly or in directly blend highly treated wastewater with potable supplies, with more projects planned. California’s ongoing crisis-level drought has convi...

The global demand for consumer electronic products has been phenomenal in the last two decades. The negative environmental effects of the growing consumption of electronic hardware are most visible in the end-of-life (EOL) stage. Remanufacturing is a viable option in electronic waste management as it reduces e waste generation and increases reuse of equipment and components. Inventory control i...

New government policies aim at the closure of material flows as part of Integrated Chain Management (ICMl. One of the main implementation instruments is extended producer responsibility. which makes Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) formally responsible for. take-back, recovery and reuse of discarded products. One of the key problems for OEMs is to determine to what extent return products...

Personal communications services (PCS’s) and future broad-band wireless systems are and will continue to be driven mainly by three challenging objectives: high-spectrum reuse efficiency, high-quality channels, and low infrastructure costs. We propose a new interleaved narrow-beam trisector cell (INBTC) architecture with a newly developed interleaved channel assignment (ICA) scheme to achieve th...

—In this work, an analytical coverage probability framework is derived for all the User Equipment (UE) types in a Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)-aided heterogeneous network leveraging tools of stochastic geometry. This framework is used to determine the minimum distance for edge femtocells to safely reuse same spectrum resources utilized by center macro users (MUEs) for successful signal tra...

This paper explores the challenges related to the End-Of-Life phase of products and circular systems of reuse and recycling within the commonly established frameworks of product lifecycles. Typically, Original Equipment Manufacturer-centric supply chain perspectives neglect the complexity at the End-Of-Life where many third-parties are involved in reuse and recycling activities. Based on a revi...

For satisfying the need of increasing number of users, their demands for the services and to provide enhanced indoor coverage, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has developed small cellular base stations called Femtocells. However, limited spectrum Availability in the cellular networks causes severe interference Issues in the neighboring femtocell users transmitting in the same radio band. In densely d...

The international outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 infection has put pressure on governments to find immediate solutions shortage surgical masks and other protective equipment. To allow textile manufacturers producing avoid usual restrictions imposed personal-protective-equipment producers, Italian government issued a ministerial decree that was followed by technical guidelines provided several unive...