In chemical regulation, e.g. the EU Water Framework Directive, REACH, or the Pesticide Directive, standardized ecotoxicological tests are applied to evaluate and rank the hazard of compounds and for deriving environmental quality standards (EQS). Standardized test methods prescribe fixed testing conditions e.g. specific temperature, pH, light intensity etc. However, environmental conditions und...

Mercury (Hg) is still a focus of environmental research, since its levels in fish frequently exceed the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) of 20 μg/kg for biota defined by the European Water Framework Directive (Directive 2008/105/EC). Current Hg levels in Abramis brama from German rivers are in the range of 73–346 μg/kg wet weight (2009) and exceed the EQS by a factor of 3.7–17.3. Therefore,...

In 2002, we published in Artificial Intelligence an extension [1] of a paper we presented at IJCAI-01 [2]. In Section 2 of the IJCAI-01 paper [2] and in Section 2.1 of the AIJ paper [1], we presented a criterion for selecting a subset of an ensemble of neural networks that could yield better performance than using all members of the ensemble for regression. The fundamental motivation for this c...

In this article two studies are reported that tested the nature of the relationship between computer experience and computer anxiety. In the first study 184 first year psychology students were given a questionnaire that measured their computer experience in terms of e.g. breadth of experience, hours spent on working with computers, skills level, the nature of the first computer experience and t...

A lot of work in geosciences has been completed during the last decade on analysis new concept time, termed natural introduced 2001. The main advances are presented, including, among others, following: First, direct experimental verification interconnection between a Seismic Electric Signals (SES) activity and seismicity, i.e., order parameter fluctuations seismicity exhibit clearly detectable ...

Empirical support for the laws of software evolution cannot be rigorously tested as long as they are stated in natural language [1, 2]. Let’s consider the laws that directly relate to measurable phenomena (law 1 to 7) the eighth law “feedback system” is for the moment excluded of this discussion. Let’s assume that sufficient empirical data is available. One approach that has been used to assess...

Let $$(S,+)$$ be an abelian semigroup, let $$(H,+)$$ a uniquely 2-divisible, group and $$\sigma ,\tau $$ two endomorphisms of S. In this paper, we find the solutions $$f:S\rightarrow H$$ following Drygas type functional Eq. 1 $$\begin{aligned} f(x+\sigma (y))+f(x+\tau (y))=2f(x)+f(\sigma (y))+f(\tau (y)), \quad x,y\in S, \end{aligned}$$ in terms additive bi-additive maps. Further, solve partly ...

El estudio se centra en los fans que acaban de asistir a un gran evento deportivo. Se investigan las relaciones entre emociones, valor transferido del al patrocinador oficial, satisfacción, lealtad y respuesta patrocinio. Una muestra 364 asisten Gran Premio Teléfonica Europa Fórmula 1 responden una encuesta la salida este evento. aplica técnica ecuaciones estructurales con el programa estadísti...

In a recent contribution of Elmfors, Enqvist, Raffelt and Sigl, the rate of populating right–handed neutrinos at Big Bang Nucleosynthesis was calculated by using the real–time framework of Thermal Field Theory (amongst the different approaches presented there). In a calculation with only bare propagators, photon exchange diagrams give rise to logarithmically infrared divergent integrals, which ...