Epistemic consequentialists maintain that the epistemically right (e.g. the justified) is to be understood in terms of conduciveness to the epistemic good (e.g. true belief). Given the wide variety of epistemological approaches that assume some form of epistemic consequentialism, and the controversies surrounding consequentialism in ethics, it is surprising that epistemic consequentialism remai...

The goal of this paper is to analyse the central role of the epistemic activity in anticipatory mental life. A precise typology of different kinds of epistemic actions will be presented. On theses basis, a precise characterization of expectations about the success in the achievement of an intended result will be provided. Moreover, two specific kinds of epistemic actions (Epistemic Control and ...

In [1] a description of a physical entity is given by means of a state property system and in [2] it is proven that any state property system is equivalent to a closure space. In the present paper we investigate the relations between classical properties and connectedness for closure spaces. The main result is a decomposition theorem, which allows us to split a state property system into a numb...

In the current research, evolutions of collective and privatized civil liability due to environmental damages have been investigated in laws Iran European Union. The substantive changes can be seen as "privatization" "collectivism" caused by damages. On other hand, formal considered "absolutism absolutism" damage "evolution system proof claims regarding damage". fact, it should said that import...

We propose Dynamic Epistemic Temporal Logic, a dynamic-protocol framework that overcomes the Problem of Synchronicity in the popular Dynamic Epistemic Logic approach to reasoning about multi-agent belief change. Dynamic Epistemic Temporal Logic not only extends the domain of applicability of standard Dynamic Epistemic Logic, but it also clarifies how certain structural properties (such as synch...

1 Epistemic Possibility and Other Types of Possibility There is a lot that we don’t know. That means that there are a lot of possibilities that are, epistemically speaking, open. For instance, we don’t know whether it rained in Seattle yesterday. So, for us at least, there is an epistemic possibility where it rained in Seattle yesterday, and one where it did not. It’s tempting to give a very si...

The truth exerts a powerful attraction. Reading the newspaper over breakfast a few months ago, I came across the following quote from Ricky Williams, a running back for the Miami Dolphins who was in the process of walking away from his million-dollar salary to pursue a career in holistic medicine. ‘‘I’m going to search for the truth,’’ Williams said. ‘‘Everything I’m doing in my life is about f...

In this article I argue that the prevalence of intersubjective disagreement in epistemology poses a serious problem for Epistemic Externalism. I put the problem in the form of a dilemma: either Epistemic Externalism is not a complete account of epistemic justification or it’s implausible to claim that the belief that Epistemic Externalism is true is itself an externalistically justified belief.