Schmörl's node is focal herniation of intervertebral disc through the end plate into the vertebral body. Most of the established Schmörl's nodes are quiescent. However, disc herniation into the vertebral marrow can cause low back pain by irritating a nociceptive system. Schmörl's node induced radicular pain is very rare condition. Some cases of Schmörl's node which generated low back pain or ra...

In summary, a patient was rapidly injected by error with morphine sulphate 60 mg epidurally. Left bundle branch block and ST segment depression signalled a problem. Respiratory depression occurred 15 minutes later. sympathetic blockade of the lower extremities was not detected. Injections of naloxone reversed the left bundle branch block, and respiratory depression but appeared to be cumulative...

BACKGROUND Although the safety and effectiveness of the short-axis in-plane method has been confirmed for lumbar plexus block, the operation is difficult and has a high rate of epidural spread at the plane of the articular process. Therefore, we developed a new in-plane technique, called the beach chair method, which displays images from the transverse process. We compared the operative difficu...

An appropriate post operative analgesia after thoracotomies is mandatory to improve the patient's outcome, reduce complications rate, morbidity, hospital cost and length of stay. In this paper we review the evidences regarding the use of paravertebral block for thoracic surgery. In particular we examine the effect of paravertebral block compared to the other technique in four major issues: anal...

Editor’s key points † Thoracic epidural analgesia is associated with rare but potentially serious complications. † In the setting of lung surgery single-shot intercostal block (ICB) offers an alternative modality of postoperative regional analgesia. † This study compared PCEA with single-shot ICB combined with PCA. ICB with PCA was not as effective as PCEA with respect to postoperative pain con...

BACKGROUND Continuous passive motion after major knee surgery optimizes the functional prognosis but causes severe pain. The authors tested the hypothesis that postoperative analgesic techniques influence surgical outcome and the duration of convalescence. METHODS Before standardized general anesthesia, 56 adult scheduled for major knee surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups, e...