water is the origin of life. 3/4 of the earth's surface is covered by water and all living things must have water to survive. life without water can not be considered. despite this, of all living things only humans exploit, waste and pollute this vital natural resource. raising awareness of the people on this issue is of great importance. at this point, environmental education is a key con...

Increasing water demand and reducing its contaminations are the main concerns and challenges for water resource managers and planner due to its limited sources and high value. This study aims to assess and understand the factors which threaten the quality of groundwater resources and to achieve this, samples were taken from 14 active wells in District 3 of the Municipality of Tehran. After cate...

the issue of water resources and their effect on human life doesn't need any analysis and reasoning. however, such factors as population growth, improved quality of life and development of urbanization along with improved industrial and technological dimensions of human life have necessitated logical and reasonable planning for optimal use of water and water basins of the world. these fact...

The growth of environmental and clinical coliform bacteria under conditions typical of drinking water distribution systems was examined. Four coliforms (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae) were isolated from an operating drinking water system for study; an enterotoxigenic E. coli strain and clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and E. coli wer...

Figure 1. Typical sewage treatment works schematic flow diagram in Hong Kong Hong Kong has the geographical advantage of being situated on the coast and therefore it is possible to use dual water supply systems (fresh + sea water systems in two separate distribution networks) for potable and non-potable uses. From the sea water supply system, about three quarters of the population in Hong Kong ...

Management of the environment is closely allied to sustainable development, i.e. the use of renewable and non-renewable resources for present needs without jeopardizing future/long-term needs not only those of humans but also those of the other biotic components in the environment. With humans perceived as both manipulators and managers of the biosphere that part of the earth where life exists ...

This paper will describe the development and evolution of GIS to support environmental quality monitoring and hazards mitigation activities in two citizen-based water watch movements: Alabama Water Watch and Nucleo Pro Tiete in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In both cases, citizen volunteers concerned with creating baseline databases for local watershed areas formed as a result of severe problems in local ...

The nucleophilic catalysis by a pyridyl group in ester/phosphate ester hydrolysis was modulated by the microenvironmental hydrophobicity around the catalyst. The catalytic efficiency was enhanced thousands or tens of thousands of times and the activity was maintained well below the pKa of the pyridyl group.

Turbulent flow in complex geometries receives considerable attention due to its importance in many engineering applications. It has been the subject of interest for many researchers. Some of these interests include the design of storm water channels. The design of these channels requires testing through physical models. The main practical limitation of physical models is the so called “scale ef...

by Triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying has caused elimination efforts in the dry Chaco region to fail repeatedly. The sources and spatial extent that need to be considered to understand the reinfestation pattern and to plan a comprehensive control program were studied in 2 adjacent rural communities in northwestern Argentina from 1993 to 1997. The effects of external, residual , and p...