The purpose of this study is to survey image quality and patient doses in radiographic examinations and to perform comparisons with the international Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). This study is part of an International Atomic energy Agency (IAEA) project (RAF/9/033) and one public hospital and two private hospitals were selected. The rate of unsatisfactory images and image qualities grade...

As children are prone to be more radiosensitive than adults, it is imperative assess the Entrance Skin Doses (ESDs) for patients being examined by X-rays, in order ensure optimization of dose while considering a number other fickles. The ESD received 50 paediatrics (aged 1-13 years) undergoing 8 types X-ray examinations were measured at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria, with...

A novel electrostatic discharge (ESD) implantation method is proposed to significantly improve machinemodel (MM) ESD robustness of NMOS device in stacked configuration (stacked NMOS). By using this ESD implantation method, the ESD current is discharged far away from the surface channel of NMOS, therefore the stacked NMOS in the mixed-voltage I/O interface can sustain a much higher ESD level, es...

abstract background: in vivo measurements of applied dose during radiotherapy treatment, is important to ensure accurate dose delivery to patients. uncertainty in dose delivery should fall within ±5% of the prescribed dose as recommended by icru. assessment of dose for radiotherapy applications performed with various types of detectors. in this study, semiconductor diodes were used which have s...

Background. Success of radiotherapy relies on accurate dose delivery. In vivo dosimetry improves control of treatment quality. Patients and methods. In vivo dosimetry with commercial diodes was performed in 209 rectal cancer patients treated with four-field box technique. The diodes measured either entrance or exit dose in each treatment field. The results were compared to the planned values an...

Introduction: Utilization of computed tomography (CT) scans is increasing annually. This study aimed to reduce the absorbed dose of sensitive organs in the head (eye lenses and thyroid) and to assess changes in resultant images quality in head scans when the radiation dose is decreased. Material and Methods: An anthropomorphic phantom was examined with head protocols in both helical and sectio...

We report here the results of a dose evaluation based on information obtained in a 2011 questionnaire as compared with an investigation made in 2007. Briefly, in general radiography, the dose used in most examinations in 2011 was lower than in 2007. However, since the entrance surface dose for chest X-rays showed an increase, there is a need to standardize the taking of digital images to be abl...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiation dose in patients undergoing liver angiographic procedure and verify the usefulness of different dose measurements to prevent deterministic effects. Gafchromic film, MicroMOSFET data and DIAMENTOR device of the X-ray system were used to characterize the examined interventional radiology (IR) procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A liver...

Polycrystalline gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) surfaces were studied using low-energy (5-400 eV) electron stimulated desorption (ESD). H(+), O(+), and H(3)O(+) were the primary cationic desorption products with H(+) as the dominant channel. H(+), H(3)O(+), and O(+) have a 22 eV threshold followed by a yield change around 40 eV. H(+) also has an additional yield change approximately 75 eV and O(+) ...