Abstract The current study presents a comprehensive review of worldwide waterborne parasitic protozoan outbreaks reported between 2017 and 2022. Totally, 416 were attributed to transmission protozoa. Cryptosporidium was the etiological agent in 77.4% (322) outbreaks, while Giardia 17.1% (71). Toxoplasma gondii Naegleria fowleri causal 1.4% (6), 1% (4) respectively. Each Blastocystis hominis, Cy...

24 To explore the genetic diversity, host specificity and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon 25 bieneusi, feces from 348 stray and pet dogs, and 96 pet cats from different locations in China 26 were examined by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) based PCR. E. bieneusi was detected in 27 15.5% of dogs including 20.5% of stray dogs and 11.7% of pet dogs, and in 11.5% of pet 28 cats. Higher infec...

Introduction: Immunocompromised host has one or more defects in the normal defense mechanisms that protect against infectious agents. Microsporidia are group of protozoa characterized via obligate intracellular and spore formation, detected many hosts. Up till now, 1300 microsporidia species more, related to 150 genera, were, microsporidiosis caused by microsporidia. Objectives: To conduct Mole...

In the last two decades, the scientific community has recognized the Microsporidia importance and associated it with serious infections in immunocompromised patients.1 Since its discovery in 1857, there was controversies in its phylogenetic classification, being recently classified as fungi.1,2 There have been described 150 genera and over 1300 species. Eight genera are described in human hosts...

The sub-3 Mbp genomes from microsporidian species of the Encephalitozoon genus are the smallest known among eukaryotes and paragons of genomic reduction and compaction in parasites. However, their diminutive stature is not characteristic of all Microsporidia, whose genome sizes vary by an order of magnitude. This large variability suggests that different evolutionary forces are applied on the g...

A retrospective phylogenetic analysis was performed on isolates of Enterocytozoon bieneusi to characterize the genotypes in different patient cohorts. Fifty-seven isolates, collected from patients living in Malawi and the Netherlands, were classified by age and immune status of the hosts. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region identified 16 genotypes; nine have not pr...

Intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a leading cause of chronic diarrhea in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. It may be a public health problem in Africa due to the magnitude of the HIV pandemic and to poor sanitary conditions. We designed two prevalence studies of E. bieneusi in Central Africa, the first with HIV-positive ...