Glycolysis and glyconeogenesis play crucial roles in the ATP supply and synthesis of glycoconjugates, important for the viability and virulence, respectively, of the human-pathogenic stages of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp. These pathways are, therefore, candidate targets for antiparasite drugs. The glycolytic/gluconeogenic enzyme enolase is generally highly conserve...

Enolase activity was measured in clarified homogenates of various tissues during the life cycle of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L. cv Baker 296). The proportions of total activity due to the plastid and cytosolic isozymes were determined after separation by ion-exchange chromatography. The contribution of the plastid isozyme varied from more than 30% of the total at the midpoint of en...

We isolated a mutant, rag17, which is impaired in glucose induction of expression of the major glucose transporter gene RAG1. The RAG17 gene encodes a protein 87% identical to S. cerevisiae enolases (Eno1 and Eno2). The Kleno null mutant showed no detectable enolase enzymatic activity and has severe growth defects on glucose and gluconeogenic carbon sources, indicating that K. lactis has a sing...

Ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut is an essential step for the development of the malaria parasite in the mosquito. Invasion involves recognition between a presumed mosquito midgut receptor and an ookinete ligand. Here, we show that enolase lines the ookinete surface. An antienolase antibody inhibits oocyst development of both Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium falciparum, suggesting that...

Enolase catalyzes the interconversion of u-glyceric acid 2-phosphat,e and enolpyruvic acid phosphate,’ and, as a participant of Embden-Meyerhof glycolysis and fermentation, is widely distributed in living cells. The enzyme was first purified by Warburg and Christian (1)) who demonstrated its metal activation and made the initial studies of the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the enolase reac...

The Arabidopsis mutation, los2, impairs cold-responsive gene transcription, acquired freezing tolerance and plant resistance to chilling under certain conditions. LOS2 was isolated through positional cloning and shown to encode an enolase in the glycolytic pathway. In animal cells, enolase has also been known to function as a transcription factor that represses the expression of c-myc by bindin...

This assay procedure for each of the two neuron-specific enolases (alpha gamma and gamma gamma) and the non-neuronal enolase (alpha alpha) in serum involves two steps: electrophoretic separation of the three isoenzymes--alpha alpha, alpha gamma, and gamma gamma--on cellulose acetate, and bioluminescence measurement of total enolase activity. From these data, the activity concentrations (U/L) of...

Urine levels of neuron-specific enolase were determined in 3 neuroblastoma patients (1 in an advanced state and 2 in remission), 25 control children, 37 control adults and 4 children with hematuria by means of the double-antibody inhibition radioimmunoassay specific to the gamma subunit of enolase isozymes. The levels of neuron-specific enolase mean +/- S.D. ng/creatinine mg in an advanced neur...

OBJECTIVE To determine the value of measuring serum levels of neuron-specific enolase in predicting extent of disease and short- and long-term functional outcome after acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Neurology departments at two university teaching hospitals, Shanghai. PATIENTS Thirty-eight patients who presented for acute cerebral infarction between October 1...

A radioimmunoassay for neuron specific enolase (NSE), a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation, has been evaluated in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In untreated patients 25/38 (68%) with localized SCLC had raised blood levels of NSE (>13 ng ml-1), in extensive disease 34/39 (87%) patients had raised NSE levels. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the serum levels were raised ...