Significant increases in serum globulins (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma) were observed in mountain leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis) after they had been immunized with nymphal homogenates of Amblyomma marmoreum. There was a concomitant significant increase in the numbers of leukocytes (lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and eosinophils). Resistance to nymphal-challenge infestations was ...

A 37-year-old woman presented with acute orthostatic hypotension and diffuse headache. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed T2 hyperintense bilateral subdural effusions, diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement, slit ventricles and venous engorgement compatible with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (CT) and CT-cistern...

Priapism is abnormally prolonged and painful erection of the penis, and in this state the patient will have considerable difficulty to pass urine. The erect penis exhibits engorgement of the corpus cavernosum. The corpus spongiosum is not turgid. The word 'priapism 'gets its derivation from Greek mythology. The goddess of sexual love, Aphrodite, produced a son whom she named Priapus. The occurr...

Unilateral carotid cavernous fistula presents with ipsilateral ocular findings. Bilateral presentation is only seen in bilateral fistulas, usually associated with indirect (dural) carotid cavernous fistulas. Direct carotid cavernous fistulas are an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. They typically begin with a traumatic disruption in the artery w...

Persistent genital arousal disorder is described in a spontaneous, persistent, and uncontrollable genital arousal in women, with or without orgasm or genital engorgement, unrelated to any feelings of sexual desire. This study aimed to argue that application of Botulinum toxin in the periclitoral region in order to block the dorsal nerve of the clitoris might decrease symptoms of persistent geni...

Epidemic dropsy is a disease occurring in epidemic or endemic form characterized clinically by (edema, erythema, cutaneous nodules, diarrhoea, cardiac failure, glaucoma and/or abortion in pregnant women. Pathologically there is an extensive dilatation and engorgement of the capillaries in the skin and the internal organs. Its ajtiology has been traced to the use of adulterated mustard oil, the ...