‎We consider four-dimensional lie groups equipped with‎ ‎left-invariant Lorentzian Einstein metrics‎, ‎and determine the harmonicity properties ‎of vector fields on these spaces‎. ‎In some cases‎, ‎all these vector fields are critical points for the energy functional ‎restricted to vector fields‎. ‎We also classify vector fields defining harmonic maps‎, ‎and calculate explicitly the energy of t...

Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary combination different enzymes (phytase + protease) on performance, metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibility broiler chickens fed diets with nutritional reduction. A total 1,400, 336, 384 male distributed in a completely randomized design, metabolism, digestibility, respectively. Treatments divided as follows: positiv...

1. In two experiments measurements were made of food intake, live-weight change, milk yield and milk composition in early lactation when dairy cows were given diets containing varying proportions of protein as fish meal (low rumen degradability) or as groundnut meal (high rumen degradability). In a preliminary trial measurements were also made with cows given supplements of either fish meal or ...

INTRODUCTION The melanocortin system plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Mice genetically deficient in the melanocortin-3 receptor gene have a normal body weight with increased body fat, mild hypophagia compared to wild-type mice. In humans, Thr6Lys and Val81Ile variants of the melanocortin-3 receptor gene (MC3R) have been associated with childhood obesity, higher BMI Z-score and ele...

 This study was carried out to investigate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) value of protein, amino acid and energy and body amino acid composition of rainbow trout fed solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) and full-fat soybean meal (FFS) partly replacing fish meal (FM) in diets. Five iso nitrogenous (average 50.36% crude protein) and energetic (4294 kcal/kg total energy) diets wer...

Very low energy diets have been used clinically as an aid to weight loss in gross obesity.' The recent more general availability ofsuch diets has enabled them to be used without medical supervision by people with moderate to minimal obesity. The present case illustrates an interesting though rare manifestation of very low energy intake; indeed, low energy, low carbohydrate diets were advocated ...

Several studies have shown that high protein meals and foods are more satiating than high carbohydrate or high fat meals when assessed by subjective ratings of satiety. Few of these studies were able to control for potentially confounding variables. Test meals differ widely in physical and sensory properties so it cannot be concluded that it is protein conferring these effects. When sensory pro...

this study was carried out to determine regression equations for prediction of apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen (amen) using 11 barley cultivar (valfajr, karon, bahman, aras, dasht, afzal, zarjo, kavir, reihani, makui and yousef) the seeds obtain from alborz province, iran. all of the cultivar were analyzed based on proximate analysis, starch, ndf and adf. result showed that ...

Traditionally, nuts have been considered a staple food, but because of their high energy and fat content are not considered good for body weight control or insulin sensitivity. Frequent consumption of nuts reduces the risk of coronary artery disease and type-2 diabetes and nut-enriched diets favourably alter blood lipids in normal and hypercholesterolemic individuals under controlled and free-l...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the chemical composition, metabolizable energy content and effect of grape pomace (GP) with or without tannase enzyme treatment on growth performance of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of GP were determined as 2642.19 and 2641.08 kcal/kg, respect...