introduction the use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (pdd) curves. these changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3d) can be measured by gel dosimeters. materials and methods dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). the energies were 4, 9, and 16 mev and phantom w...

Classical transition state theory ~TST! provides the rigorous basis for the application of molecular dynamics ~MD! to infrequent events, i.e., reactions that are slow due to a high energy barrier. The TST rate is simply the equilibrium flux through a surface that divides reactants from products. In order to apply MD to infrequent events, corrections to the TST rate that account for recrossings ...

a medium scale structural macroeconometric model is constructed to investigate the effects of energy price liberalization on the main macroeconomic variables. the analysis is conducted under 3 different scenarios of increasing the price of energy sources to the level prevailed in the countries of the persian gulf region. these 3 scenarios are a sudden increase, a gradual increase within a 5 yea...

A typical wireless network consists of closely located static nodes with one stationary base station. The base station maintains the different node activity with more energy consumption. Existing Network coding-based cooperative ARQ scheme perform the multihop transmission among a set of relay nodes. However, the impact of realistic physical layer is not considered for data transmission. In add...

The thermal degradation of polyethylene (PE) was carried out in the absence and presence ofcatalystes X-Zeolite and Silica-Alumina at different temperatures. The optimum PE/Catalysisratio was 0.25:0.05 g/g, which produced highest degradation value. PE and PE/Catalysis werecharacterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal degradation properties of polymerhave been studied by Infrared spec...

We propose a new method for calculating all stationary states, including saddle points of all orders, of a potential energy surface based on the BB deterministic branch and bound global optimization algorithm. This method is based on rigorous optimization methods and ooers a theoretical guarentee of enclosing all solutions to the equation rV = 0. We apply this method to Murrel-Sorbie analytic p...