two digraphs of same order are said to be skew-equienergetic if theirskew energies are equal. one of the open problems proposed by li andlian was to construct non-cospectral skew-equienergetic digraphs onn vertices. recently this problem was solved by ramane et al. inthis paper, we give some new methods to construct new skew-equienergeticdigraphs.

renewable energy sources (res), especially wind power plants, have high priority of promotion in the energy policies worldwide. an increasing share of res and distributed generation (dg), should, as has been assumed, provide improvement in reliability of electricity delivery to the customers. paper presented here concentrates on electricity storage systems technologies and applications pinpoint...

more than 50% of the global population already lives in urban settlements which are projected to absorb almost all the global population growth to 2050, amounting to some additional three billion people. over the next decades the increase in rural population in many developing countries will be overshadowed by population flows to cities. rural populations globally are expected to peak at a leve...

pressurized irrigation is a recent development that consumes more energy for the pressure produced. in thisstudy, energy consumption, waste and efficiency were investigated at a diesel and electrical sprinklerirrigation pumping plant in some fields in hamadan province during 2007-8. nebraska performance criteria(npc) were used to compare sprinkler irrigation pumping plant performance. the resul...

Simulated Annealing (SA) procedures can potentially yield nearoptimal solutions to many di cult combinatorial optimization problems, though often at the expense of intensive computational e orts. The single most signi cant source of ine ciency in SA search is the inherent stochasticity of the procedure, typically requiring that the procedure be rerun a large number of times before a near-optima...

A two-step method of writing high di raction efciency holographic gratings in photopolymer using just one writing beam during the second step is discussed. The technique is based on the use of weak gratings (<1%) recorded during a rst step which during the second step are illuminated with a single beam to form strong highly e cient holographic gratings. The weak grating provides a second interf...

a numerical model for two-phase debris flows is developed in this paper, on the basis of understanding of the physical characteristics of debris flows from field investigations and experiments. employing a moving coordinate, the kinetic energy equation of gravel particles in unit volume in debris flow is developed by considering the potential energy of the particles, energy from the liquid phas...

this paper demonstrates a method to how reserve capacity and cost allocation could be determined in a pool-based and disaggregated market model. the method considers both the spinning reserve and interruptible loads as the operating reserve services. in the proposed market, generators and consumers (including participation of interruptible loads) submit offers and bids to the independent system...