Rise in cost for higher education have been causing less privilege and self-financed students who wanted to further their studies tertiary unable do so due the affordability lack of availability financial assistance. However, waqf is most effective ways that used solve problem. This study aims examine how universities established own or endowment fund help are dire need assistance at same time ...

Web-based system-to-human integration and direct system-to-system integration are alternative information technologies for supply chain management. Although the system-to-system mode is known to be more effective than the Web-based mode for data sharing, the web-based mode is dominant in the supply chain of Chinese firms. Is it a suboptimal or the most appropriate choice? We develop an analytic...

The birth iron endowment provides iron for growth in the first months of life. We describe the iron endowment under conditions of low dietary iron supply. Subjects were infants participating in a trial of Vitamin D supplementation from 1 to 9 months. Infants were exclusively breastfed at enrollment but could receive complementary foods from 4 months but not formula. Plasma ferritin (PF) and tra...

Human language is learned, symbolic and exhibits syntactic structure, a set of properties which make it unique among naturally-occurring communication systems. How did human language come to be as it is? Language is culturally transmitted and cultural processes may have played a role in shaping language. However, it has been suggested that the cultural transmission of language is constrained by...

Actual possession of an item has been shown to increase an owner’s valuation of it, a phenomenon termed the “endowment effect” (Thaler, 1980). We hypothesize that temporarily being the high bidder during an auction induces a “pseudo-endowment effect.” This effect may foster attachment to an item during the auction and thus promote overbidding. We examine this effect in two studies. In the first...

This paper builds on the assumption that countries behave in such a way as to improve, via their economic strength, the probability that they will attain the hegemonic position on the world stage. The quest for hegemony is modeled as a game, with countries being differentiated initially only by some endowment which yields a pollution free flow of income. A country’s level of pollution is assume...

While Rice may not have lost as much as of its investments as other universi t ies, its endowment still took a hit dur ing the most recent recession. For fiscal year 2009, Rice incurred an 18.2-percent loss on the e n d o w m e n t ' s investment returns, worth about $838 million. The university also spent $215 million of the endowment , $55 million of which was recouped in endowment gifts, acc...

One of the main functionalities of capital market is to improve liquidityin the market which provides security for the investors. Mutual funds aremodern financial institutions which are designed with the aim of collectingfunds from investors and devote them to buy a variety of securities inorder to mitigate investment risks, exploit the economies of scale andfinally create a reasonable return f...

Starting with Knetsch (1989), experiments on the “endowment effect” (Thaler 1980) typically rely on a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, subjects are endowed with a good, such as a mug. In the second stage, the same subjects are given the opportunity to trade this good for another good of similar value, such as a pen. The endowment effect holds that very few subjects chose to trade, somet...