In 1935, when medical societies across the United States were complaining that the Milbank Memorial Fund endorsed health insurance mandated and subsidized by government, Albert G. Milbank, president of its board, accorded priority to protecting the Fund’s “reputation and its personality” (Kingsbury 1935a). This article, on the occasion of the Fund’s centennial, describes how its personality, ex...

This paper studies the determinants and behavior of outstanding mortgage loan to value (LTV) ratios for a panel data set of 8867 Dutch households over the period 1992-2005. We find that outstanding LTVs are driven by household characteristics, life-cycle effects and mortgage type characteristics. LTV declines with the time elapsed since mortgage commencement, but this decline is faster for soca...

BACKGROUND In 2015 around 15 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. Sustained provision of ART, though both prudent and necessary, creates substantial long-term fiscal obligations for countries affected by HIV/AIDS. As donor assistance for health remains constrained, novel financing mechanisms are needed to augment funding domestic so...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence appreciation resource endowment on rural revitalization development, and conduct an in-depth study tourism construction development Shaoguan Wushiling New Village as example, with aim making feasible suggestions summarizing experiences for development. This adopts methods conceptual analysis SWOT four aspects: background endowment, statu...

Despite anecdotal evidence connecting angel and venture capital (VC) financing, there is little systematic evidence on how the two early-stage capital sources interact. To study this topic, I assemble the first comprehensive dataset on angel financing and characterize its size, scope, and role in the early-stage capital market. I use the population of newly incorporated startups located in Cali...