The pancreas is an organ that actually consists of two glands: one exocrine and one endocrine gland. The glandular epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue which produces and excretes substances to control our bodily functions. The exocrine gland secretes its fluids via ducts (into the intestinal lumen), while the endocrine gland secretes its substances via the extracellular space into the...

The pancreas is an organ that actually consists of two glands: one exocrine and one endocrine gland. The glandular epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue which produces and excretes substances to control our bodily functions. The exocrine gland secretes its fluids via ducts (into the intestinal lumen), while the endocrine gland secretes its substances via the extracellular space into the...

We hereby present the case of a 58-year-old male who underwent a total gastrectomy for gastric neoplasm. During the surgery, a tumor mass in the jejunum was identified, considered as metastasis, and resected. The histopathological examination of the jejunal lesion showed ectopic pancreas. In this area, two pathological distinct lesions were identified, one histologically compatible with pancrea...

over the past decades, endocrine pathology has emerged as a distinct clinical subspecialty in the field of surgical pathology. Endocrine pathologists play an essential role in the management of patients with endocrine disorders arising from pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal, paraganglia, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, lung, thymus, and urogenital system. recent a...

Neoplasms of the pancreas usually show either ductal, acinar, or endocrine differentiation. Mixed exocrine-endocrine pancreatic neoplasms, in which the endocrine component is significant and comprises one-third to one-half of the tumor tissue, are rare. Truly mixed tumors have to be distinguished from exocrine neoplasms with scattered endocrine cells. In ductal adenocarcinomas, the scattered en...

The current model for endocrine cell specification in the pancreas invokes high-level production of the transcription factor Neurogenin 3 (Neurog3) in Sox9(+) bipotent epithelial cells as the trigger for endocrine commitment, cell cycle exit, and rapid delamination toward proto-islet clusters. This model posits a transient Neurog3 expression state and short epithelial residence period. We show,...

In the pancreas, Notch signaling is thought to prevent cell differentiation, thereby maintaining progenitors in an undifferentiated state. Here, we show that Notch renders progenitors competent to differentiate into ductal and endocrine cells by inducing activators of cell differentiation. Notch signaling promotes the expression of Sox9, which cell-autonomously activates the pro-endocrine gene ...

Pancreas has a complex histology and is characterized by a combination of endocrine and exocrine cells. Pancreas undergoes various pathological changes with aging characterized by increased fatty replacement, fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, amyloid deposition, a decreased weight as well as development of intra-epithelial neoplastic changes. These age-related alterations lead to diabet...

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) appears to play an important role during fetal life in cell growth and differentiation in several organs, including the pancreas. In the present study we investigated the cellular localization of IGF-II in human fetal pancreas at 16, 18 and 22 embryonic weeks and compared it with adult pancreas. Single and double immunofluorescence methods were used to stu...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with functional beta cell loss due to ongoing inflammation. Despite shared similarities, T1D is an autoimmune disease with evidence of autoantibody production, as well as a role for exocrine pancreas involvement. Our hypothesis is that differential protein expression occurs in disease stratified pancreas tissues and regulated protei...