The genus Ostrinia includes two allopatric maize pests across Eurasia, namely the European corn borer (ECB, O. nubilalis) and the Asian corn borer (ACB, O. furnacalis). A third species, the Adzuki bean borer (ABB, O. scapulalis), occurs in sympatry with both the ECB and the ACB. The ABB mostly feeds on native dicots, which probably correspond to the ancestral host plant type for the genus Ostri...

Ebracteolata compound B (ECB) is one major active component of both Euphorbia ebracteolata and Euphorbia fischeriana, which have been extensively used as a tuberculocide in the Asian countries. The aim of our present study was to characterize ECB metabolism in human liver microsomes, HepG2 cells, and recombinant human enzymes. One monohydroxylation metabolite, determined by mass spectrometry to...

This paper treats low inflation in EMU as a collective action problem for Ecofin. The SGP and more broadly the BEPG, operating against a background of the ECB and wage-setting, are the instruments for this. The ECB delegates sanctioning to the member-states while preserving the authority to set interest rates. Labour relations systems in different countries pursue disinflationary wage settlemen...

Retrograde signaling by endocannabinoids (eCBs) mediates a widely expressed form of long-term depression at excitatory and inhibitory synapses (eCB-LTD), involving a reduction in neurotransmitter release. In the hippocampus, eCB-LTD occurs at interneuron (IN)-pyramidal cell (PC) synapses (I-LTD), and its induction requires a presynaptic reduction of cAMP/PKA signaling resulting from minutes of ...

In this paper I consider the socio-economic consequences of early child bearing (ECB). Using twins data I attempt to control for unobserved heterogeneity of family background using a within pair estimate. The results suggest that the socio-economic consequences on the mother of ECB are substantially reduced when family background is controlled for. In addition results using a statistical method...

A reflectance method has been used to assess conduction band edge energies (Ecb) for nanocrystalline TiO2(anatase) electrodes in contact with aqueous electrolytes. The measurements, which were made over a range of nearly 40 pH units, reveal a Nernstian dependence of Ecb upon pH over most of this range, i.e., a -64 mV shift per unit decrease in log(proton activity) between H0 ) -8 and H) +23. El...

Changes in DNA polymerase alpha activity accompanying tissue development have been well established in several systems. In most cases, DNA polymerase alpha activity decreases with development. Here, we report observed changes in DNA polymerase alpha activity throughout embryonic chicken brain (ECB) development. The level of DNA polymerase alpha activity was found to gradually decrease by 60% (2...

A new TN-ECB mode liquid crystal display is developed for reflective liquid crystal displays (RLCDs). This new TN-ECB mode has a larger cell gap and lower operating voltage than most recently developed RLCDs. It also has a small wavelength dispersion and has a good dark state at the low operating voltage. It is particularly suitable for reflective crystalline Si backplane CMOS AMLCDs.

This document provides guidance to national regulatory authorities (NRAs) and vaccine manufacturers on the production and quality control of candidate live attenuated dengue virus vaccines by outlining the international regulatory expectations for product characterization. It should be read in conjunction with the WHO guidelines on nonclinical evaluation of vaccines (1), and the WHO guidelines ...